Izinhlobo ze-inverter yokugcina amandla
Umzila wezobuchwepheshe: Kunemizila emibili emikhulu: i-DC coupling kanye ne-AC coupling
Uhlelo lokugcina lwe-photovoltaic luhlanganisa amaphaneli elanga, izilawuli,ama-solar inverters, amabhethri okugcina amandla, imithwalo nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Kunemizila emibili emikhulu yobuchwepheshe: i-DC coupling kanye ne-AC coupling. Ukuhlanganisa i-AC noma i-DC kubhekisela endleleni iphaneli yelanga ehlanganiswe ngayo noma exhunywe ngayo endaweni yokugcina amandla noma isistimu yebhethri. Uhlobo lokuxhuma phakathi kwephaneli yelanga nebhethri kungaba yi-AC noma i-DC. Amasekhethi amaningi kagesi asebenzisa i-DC, amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza i-DC, futhi amabhethri agcina i-DC, kodwa izinto zikagesi eziningi zisebenza ku-AC.
IHybrid photovoltaic + isistimu yokugcina amandla, okungukuthi, yamanje eqondile ekhiqizwe imojula ye-photovoltaic igcinwa kuphakethe lebhethri ngesilawuli, futhi igridi nayo ingashaja ibhethri ngesiguquli se-DC-AC esinezinhlangothi ezimbili. Indawo yokuqoqa amandla isekupheleni kwebhethri le-DC. Emini, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuqala kunikeza umthwalo, bese ishaja ibhethri ngesilawuli se-MPPT. Isistimu yokugcina amandla ixhunywe kugridi, futhi amandla angaphezu kwamandla angaxhunywa kugridi; ebusuku, ibhethri ikhipha ukuhlinzeka ngomthwalo, futhi ingxenye enganele ifakwa igridi; lapho igridi iphelelwa amandla, amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic kanye namabhethri e-lithium anikezela kuphela amandla kumthwalo we-off-grid, futhi umthwalo oxhunywe kugridi awukwazi ukusetshenziswa. Uma amandla okulayisha emakhulu kunamandla okukhiqiza amandla e-photovoltaic, igridi ne-photovoltaic inganikeza amandla kumthwalo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okulayisha akuzinzile, bathembele kumabhethri ukuze balinganise amandla esistimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu iphinde isekele abasebenzisi ukusetha isikhathi sokushaja nesokukhipha ukuze sihlangabezane nesidingo samandla somsebenzisi.
Indlela I-DC-Coupled System esebenza ngayo
Umthombo: i-spiritenergy, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
IHybrid photovoltaic + isistimu yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
I-inverter eyi-hybrid ihlanganisa ukusebenza kwe-off-grid ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokushaja. Ama-inverter aboshwe ngegridi avala ngokuzenzakalelayo amandla esistimu yakho yephaneli yelanga ngesikhathi ukucima kukagesi ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha. Ama-inverter amaHybrid, ngakolunye uhlangothi, avumela abasebenzisi ukuthi babe nekhono le-off-grid kanye ne-on-grid ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngakho amandla angasetshenziswa ngisho nangesikhathi sokuhamba kwamandla. Ama-inverter ayi-Hybrid enza ukuqapha kwamandla kube lula, avumele idatha ebalulekile efana nokusebenza nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ukuthi ihlolwe ngephaneli yokuguqula noma kumadivayisi ahlakaniphile axhunyiwe. Uma uhlelo lunama-inverter amabili, kufanele aqashwe ngokwehlukana. Ukuhlanganisa i-DC kunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kokuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC. Ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwebhethri kucishe kube ngu-95-99%, kuyilapho ukuhlangana kwe-AC kungu-90%.
Ama-inverter amaHybrid ayonga, ahlangene, futhi kulula ukuwafaka. Ukufaka i-inverter entsha ye-hybrid ngebhethri elihlanganiswe ne-DC kungase kungabizi kunokubuyisela ibhethri elihlanganiswe ne-AC ohlelweni olukhona ngenxa yokuthi isilawuli sishibhile kune-inverter eboshwe ngegridi, iswishi ishibhile kunekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, futhi i-DC- Isixazululo esihlanganisiwe singenziwa futhi isilawuli-inverter konke-in-one, konga kokubili okokusebenza kanye nezindleko zokufaka. Ikakhulukazi kumasistimu ama-off-grid amancane naphakathi, amasistimu ahlanganiswe ne-DC abiza kakhulu. Ama-inverter ama-Hybrid ane-modular kakhulu, futhi kulula ukwengeza izingxenye ezintsha nezilawuli. Izingxenye ezengeziwe zingangezwa kalula kusetshenziswa izilawuli zelanga ze-DC ezinezindleko eziphansi. Futhi ama-inverter ayi-hybrid aklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa isitoreji nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, okwenza kube lula ukwengeza amaphakethe ebhethri. Ama-Hybrid inverter systems aminyene uma kuqhathaniswa, asebenzisa amabhethri anamandla kagesi aphezulu, futhi anosayizi wamakhebula amancane nokulahlekelwa okuphansi.
Ukucushwa kwesistimu yokuhlanganisa ye-DC
Umthombo: I-Zhongrui Lighting Network, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ukucushwa kwesistimu yokuhlanganisa i-AC
Umthombo: I-Zhongrui Lighting Network, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Kodwa-ke, ama-inverters e-hybrid awafanele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ze-solar ezikhona, futhi amasistimu amakhulu ayinkimbinkimbi futhi ayabiza ukuwafaka. Uma umsebenzisi efuna ukuthuthukisa isistimu sonozungezilanga ekhona kakade ukuze afake isitoreji sebhethri, ukukhetha i-inverter eyingxube kungase kuxake isimo, futhi isiguquli sebhethri singabiza kakhulu ngoba ukukhetha ukufaka i-hybrid inverter kudinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha okuphelele nokubizayo kwakho konke. uhlelo lwamaphaneli elanga. Amasistimu amakhulu ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukufaka futhi abiza kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sezilawuli zamandla kagesi aphezulu. Uma ugesi usetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, kuzoba nokwehla kancane ekusebenzeni kahle ngenxa ye-DC (PV) ukuya ku-DC (batt) kuya ku-AC.
Uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lwe-photovoltaic + isitoreji samandla, olwaziwa nangokuthi i-AC transformation photovoltaic + uhlelo lokugcina amandla, lungaqaphela ukuthi amandla e-DC akhiqizwa imodyuli ye-photovoltaic aguqulwa abe amandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa i-inverter exhunywe kugridi, bese amandla angaphezu kwamandla aguqulwa. kumandla e-DC futhi agcinwe ebhethrini ngesiguquli sesitoreji samandla esihlanganiswe ne-AC. Indawo yokuqoqa amandla isekupheleni kwe-AC. Ihlanganisa isistimu yokunikeza amandla e-photovoltaic kanye nesistimu yokunikezela amandla ebhethri. Isistimu ye-photovoltaic iqukethe i-photovoltaic array kanye ne-inverter exhunywe kugridi, futhi isistimu yebhethri iqukethe iphakethe lebhethri kanye ne-inverter eqondiswa kabili. Lezi zinhlelo ezimbili zingasebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuphazamisana, noma zingahlukaniswa kugridi yamandla amakhulu ukuze zakhe isistimu yegridi encane.
Indlela I-AC-Coupled Systems esebenza ngayo
Umthombo: i-spiritenergy, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Isistimu ye-photovoltaic yasendlini + ehlanganisiwe yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Solar Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Isistimu yokuhlanganisa i-AC ihambisana ngo-100% negridi yamandla, kulula ukuyifaka futhi kulula ukuyinweba. Izingxenye zokufaka ezijwayelekile zasendlini ziyatholakala, futhi namasistimu amakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa (izinga le-2KW kuya ku-MW) anwebeka kalula futhi angahlanganiswa namasethi ejeneretha axhumeke kugridi nazimele wodwa (amayunithi kadizili, izinjini zomoya, njll.). Iningi lama-inverter elanga angaphezu kuka-3kW anokufakwa kwe-MPPT okukabili, ngakho izintambo ezinde zamaphaneli zingafakwa ngokuma okuhlukile nama-engeli anyakazayo. Kuma-voltage aphezulu e-DC, ukuhlanganisa i-AC kulula, akuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kubiza kancane ukufaka amasistimu amakhulu kunamasistimu ahlanganiswe e-DC adinga izilawuli zokushaja eziningi ze-MPPT.
Ukuhlanganisa i-AC kulungele ukuguqulwa kwesistimu, futhi kusebenza kahle kakhulu ukusebenzisa imithwalo ye-AC phakathi nosuku. Izinhlelo ezikhona ze-PV ezixhunywe kugridi zingashintshwa zibe izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezinezindleko eziphansi zokutshala imali. Inganikeza abasebenzisi isivikelo samandla aphephile uma igridi iphelelwa amandla. Ihambisana nezinhlelo ze-PV ezixhunywe kugridi ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukene. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlanganisa i-AC zivame ukusetshenziselwa amasistimu amakhulu angaphandle kwegridi futhi zisebenzisa iziguquli zelanga zezintambo ezihlanganiswe neziguquli ezithuthukisiwe ezinamamodi amaningi noma i-inverter/amashaja ukuze kulawuleke amabhethri namagridi/amajeneretha. Nakuba kulula ukusetha futhi enamandla, asebenza kahle kancane (90-94%) uma eshaja amabhethri uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zokuhlanganisa ze-DC (98%). Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kahle kakhulu lapho zinika amandla imithwalo ephezulu ye-AC phakathi nosuku, ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-97%, futhi ezinye izinhlelo zinganwetshwa ngama-inverter amaningi elanga ukuze akhe ama-microgrid.
Ukuhlanganisa i-AC akusebenzi kahle futhi kubiza kakhulu kumasistimu amancane. Amandla angena ebhethrini ekuhlanganisweni kwe-AC kufanele aguqulwe kabili, futhi lapho umsebenzisi eqala ukusebenzisa lawo mandla, kufanele aguqulwe futhi, kwengeze ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe ohlelweni. Ngakho-ke, uma usebenzisa isistimu yebhethri, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwe-AC kwehla ku-85-90%. Ama-inverter ahlanganisiwe e-AC abiza kakhulu kumasistimu amancane.
I-off-grid yasendlini ye-photovoltaic + uhlelo lokugcina amandla ngokuvamile lwakhiwe amamojula we-photovoltaic, amabhethri e-lithium, ama-inverters okugcina amandla angaphandle kwegridi, imithwalo kanye namajeneretha edizili. Isistimu ingakwazi ukubona ukushajwa okuqondile kwamabhethri ngama-photovoltaics ngokuguqulwa kwe-DC-DC, futhi ingakwazi ukubona ukuguqulwa okuphindwe kabili kwe-DC-AC yokushajwa nokushajwa kwebhethri. Emini, isizukulwane samandla e-photovoltaic siqala sinikeza umthwalo, bese sishaja ibhethri; ebusuku, ibhethri liyaphuma ukuze linikeze umthwalo, futhi lapho ibhethri linganele, umthwalo uhlinzekwa ngamajeneretha edizili. Ingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo sikagesi sansuku zonke ezindaweni ezingenawo amagridi kagesi. Ingahlanganiswa namajeneretha edizili ukuze amajeneretha edizili akwazi ukuletha imithwalo noma ukushaja amabhethri. Iziguquli eziningi zesitoreji samandla angaphandle kwegridi azinaso isitifiketi sokuxhunywa kwegridi, futhi ngisho noma isistimu inegridi, ayikwazi ukuxhunywa kugridi.
I-inverter yegridi evaliwe
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Glowatt, Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Sezokuphepha saseHaitong
I-off-grid yasekhaya ye-photovoltaic + isistimu yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Izimo ezisebenzayo zama-inverter okugcina amandla
Ama-inverter okugcina amandla anemisebenzi emithathu emikhulu, okuhlanganisa ukushefa okuphezulu, ukunikezwa kwamandla okusekelayo kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele. Ngokombono wesifunda, ukushefa okuphezulu kuyisidingo eYurophu. Uma sithatha iJalimane njengesibonelo, intengo kagesi eJalimane ifinyelele ku-2.3 yuan/kWh ngo-2019, ibalwa okokuqala emhlabeni. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanani kagesi waseJalimane aqhubekile nokukhuphuka. Ngo-2021, intengo kagesi wendawo yokuhlala yaseJalimane ifinyelele ku-34 euro cents/kWh, kuyilapho ukusatshalaliswa kwe-photovoltaic/photovoltaic nesitoreji i-LCOE ingu-9.3/14.1 euro cents/kWh kuphela, okuyi-73%/59% ephansi kunentengo kagesi yendawo yokuhlala. Intengo kagesi wendawo yokuhlala iyafana Umehluko phakathi kokusabalalisa kwe-photovoltaic nezindleko zikagesi wokugcina uzoqhubeka nokukhula. Amasistimu okusabalalisa i-photovoltaic yasendlini kanye nesitoreji anganciphisa izindleko zikagesi, ngakho abasebenzisi ezindaweni ezinamanani aphezulu kagesi banezisusa eziqinile zokufaka isitoreji sasendlini.
Amanani kagesi wendawo yokuhlala emazweni ahlukahlukene ngo-2019
Umthombo: Ucwaningo lwe-EuPD, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Izinga lentengo kagesi e-Germany (amasenti/kWh)
Umthombo: Ucwaningo lwe-EuPD, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Emakethe yomthwalo ophakeme, abasebenzisi bakhetha ama-inverter ayi-hybrid namasistimu ebhethri ahlanganiswe ne-AC, angabizi kakhulu futhi kulula ukuwenza. Amashaja okushintshashintsha kwebhethri angaphandle kwegridi anama-transformer asindayo abiza kakhulu, futhi ama-inverter ayi-hybrid namasistimu ebhethri ahlanganiswe ne-AC asebenzisa ama-transformerless anama-switching transistors. Lawa ma-inverters ahlangene futhi angasindi anezilinganiso eziphansi zokukhuphuka kanye nenani eliphakeme lokuphuma kwamandla, kodwa abiza kakhulu, ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwenza.
Ukunikezwa kukagesi okuyisipele kuyadingeka yi-United States ne-Japan, futhi ukunikezwa kukagesi okuzimele kunesidingo esiphuthumayo semakethe, okuhlanganisa iNingizimu Afrika nezinye izifunda. Ngokusho kwe-EIA, isilinganiso sokunqamuka kukagesi e-United States ngo-2020 sadlula amahora angu-8, okwathintwa ikakhulukazi indawo yokuhlala ehlakazekile yezakhamuzi zaseMelika, ukuguga kwamanye amagridi kagesi, kanye nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kokusabalalisa kwe-photovoltaic yasendlini kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina kunganciphisa ukuncika kugridi yamandla futhi kwandise ukuthembeka kokunikezwa kwamandla ohlangothini lomsebenzisi. Isistimu yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic e-United States inkulu futhi ifakwe amabhethri amaningi ngoba idinga ukugcina ugesi ukuze ibhekane nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Ukunikezwa kwamandla okuzimele kuyisidingo esiphuthumayo semakethe. Emazweni anjengeNingizimu Afrika, Pakistan, Lebanon, Philippines, kanye neVietnam, lapho uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba luqinile, ingqalasizinda kazwelonke ayanele ukusekela ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kwabantu, ngakho abasebenzisi kufanele bahlonyiswe ngamasistimu okugcina amandla e-photovoltaic yasendlini.
Ubude besikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi wase-US ngomuntu ngamunye (amahora)
Umthombo: I-EIA, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
NgoJuni 2022, iNingizimu Afrika yaqala ukunikezwa kukagesi ezingeni lesithupha, izindawo eziningi zaba nokunqamuka kukagesi amahora angu-6 ngosuku.
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ama-inverter amaHybrid anemikhawulo ethile njengamandla ayisipele. Uma kuqhathaniswa neziguquli zebhethri ezizinikezele ze-off-grid, ama-inverter ayi-hybrid anemikhawulo ethile, ikakhulukazi ukukhuphuka okulinganiselwe noma ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu ngesikhathi sokucisha kukagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-inverter e-hybrid awanawo amandla okulondoloza amandla noma amandla ayisipele alinganiselwe, ngakho-ke imithwalo emincane kuphela noma edingekayo efana nokukhanyisa kanye namasekhethi ayisisekelo angasekelwa ngesikhathi sokuhamba kukagesi, futhi amasistimu amaningi azoba nokulibaziseka kwesekhondi elingu-3-5 phakathi nogesi. ukunqamuka. Ama-inverter angaphandle kwegridi ahlinzeka ngokukhuphuka okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphuma kwamandla aphezulu futhi angakwazi ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu yokungenisa. Uma abasebenzisi behlela ukunika amandla okokusebenza okuphezulu okuhlinza njengamaphampu, ama-compressor, imishini yokuwasha, namathuluzi kagesi, isiguquli kufanele sikwazi ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu yokuhlinza.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamandla okukhipha i-Hybrid inverter
Umthombo: ukubuyekezwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
I-inverter ehlanganisiwe ye-DC ehlanganisiwe
Njengamanje, izinhlelo eziningi zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic embonini zisebenzisa i-DC coupling ukuze kuzuzwe umklamo ohlanganisiwe we-photovoltaic nokugcinwa kwamandla, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ezintsha, lapho ama-inverters e-hybrid kulula ukuyifaka nezindleko eziphansi. Uma ungeza uhlelo olusha, ukusebenzisa i-photovoltaic ne-energy storage hybrid inverter kunganciphisa izindleko zemishini kanye nezindleko zokufaka, ngoba inverter eyodwa ingakwazi ukufeza ukulawula okuhlanganisiwe kanye ne-inverter. Isilawuli kanye neswishi yokushintsha ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa lwe-DC ishibhile kune-inverter exhunywe kugridi nekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa ohlelweni lokuhlanganisa lwe-AC, ngakho-ke isixazululo sokuhlanganisa i-DC sishibhile kunesixazululo sokuhlanganisa i-AC. Kuhlelo lokuhlanganisa lwe-DC, isilawuli, ibhethri kanye ne-inverter kuyi-serial, uxhumano luqinile, futhi ukuguquguquka kubuthakathaka. Kumasistimu asanda kufakwa, ama-photovoltaics, amabhethri, nama-inverter aklanywa ngokuya ngamandla omthwalo womsebenzisi namandla asetshenziswayo, ngakho afaneleka kakhulu kuma-inverter ayi-hybrid hybrid.
Imikhiqizo ye-DC-coupled hybrid inverter iwumkhuba ojwayelekile, futhi abakhiqizi abakhulu basekhaya bayifakile. Ngaphandle kwe-AP Energy, abakhiqizi abakhulu be-inverter basekhaya basebenzise ama-inverter ama-hybrid, phakathi kwawoI-Sineng Electric, i-GoodWe, ne-Jinlongbaphinde bafaka ama-inverter ahlanganiswe ne-AC, futhi ifomu lomkhiqizo ligcwalisiwe. I-inverter ye-hybrid ye-Deye isekela ukuhlanganisa kwe-AC ngesisekelo sokuhlanganisa i-DC, okunikeza lula ukufakwa kwezidingo zokuguqulwa kwesitoko sabasebenzisi.I-Sungrow, i-Huawei, i-Sineng Electric, ne-GoodWezikhiphe amabhethri okugcina amandla, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwesiguquli sebhethri kungase kube inkambiso esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuhlelwa kwabakhiqizi abakhulu be-inverter basekhaya
Umthombo: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni ezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Imikhiqizo enezigaba ezintathu zamandla kagesi aphezulu yizo zonke izinkampani ezigxile kuzo, kanti iDeye igxile emakethe yemikhiqizo ene-voltage ephansi. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo eminingi ye-hybrid inverter ingaphakathi kuka-10KW, imikhiqizo engaphansi kuka-6KW iningi lesigaba esisodwa imikhiqizo ye-voltage ephansi, kanti imikhiqizo engu-5-10KW iningi lezigaba ezintathu ziyimikhiqizo yamandla kagesi aphezulu. I-Deye ithuthukise izinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo yamandla aphansi we-low-voltage, futhi umkhiqizo we-low-voltage 15KW owethulwe kulo nyaka usuqalile ukuthengisa.
Abakhiqizi be-inverter basekhaya be-hybrid inverter imikhiqizo
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha evela kubakhiqizi basekhaya be-inverter sekufinyelele cishe ku-98%, futhi isikhathi sokushintshwa kwe-on-grid kanye ne-off-grid ngokuvamile singaphansi kwama-20ms. Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulukweJinlong, Sungrow, kanye neHuaweiimikhiqizo isifinyelele ku-98.4%, futhiOkuhleWeiphinde yafinyelela ku-98.2%. Ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kokuguqulwa kwe-Homai ne-Deye kungaphansi kancane kuno-98%, kodwa isikhathi sika-Deye se-on-grid kanye ne-off-grid singu-4ms kuphela, siphansi kakhulu kuno-10-20ms kontanga yakhe.
Ukuqhathanisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwama-hybrid inverters avela ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene
Umthombo: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni enkampani ngayinye, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ukuqhathaniswa kwesikhathi sokushintsha kwama-inverters e-hybrid ezinkampanini ezahlukahlukene (ms)
Umthombo: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni enkampani ngayinye, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Imikhiqizo eyinhloko yabakhiqizi be-inverter basekhaya igxile kakhulu ezimakethe ezintathu ezinkulu zaseYurophu, e-United States nase-Australia. Emakethe yaseYurophu, izimakethe zendabuko ze-photovoltaic core ezifana neJalimane, i-Austria, iSwitzerland, iSweden, ne-Netherlands ikakhulukazi izimakethe zezigaba ezintathu, ezikhetha imikhiqizo enamandla amakhulu. Abakhiqizi bendabuko abanezinzuzo yi-Sunshine ne-Goodwe. I-Ginlang iyashesha ukuze ibambe iqhaza, ithembele kokuthi Inzuzo yentengo kanye nokwethulwa kwemikhiqizo yamandla aphezulu ngaphezu kuka-15KW kuthandwa ngabasebenzisi. Amazwe aseNingizimu Yurophu njenge-Italy neSpain adinga kakhulu isigaba esisodwa imikhiqizo yamandla aphansi.Goodwe, Ginlang and Shouhangyenza kahle e-Italy ngonyaka odlule, ngayinye ibalwa cishe ngama-30% emakethe. Amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu njengeCzech Republic, Poland, Romania, neLithuania afuna ngokuyinhloko imikhiqizo yezigaba ezintathu, kodwa ukwamukelwa kwawo kwentengo kuphansi. Ngakho-ke, uShouhang wenze kahle kule makethe ngenzuzo yayo yamanani aphansi. Ngekota yesibili yalo nyaka, uDeye waqala ukuthumela imikhiqizo emisha engu-15KW e-United States. I-United States inezinhlelo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla futhi ikhetha imikhiqizo yamandla aphezulu.
Imikhiqizo ye-inverter ehlanganisiwe yabakhiqizi basekhaya abaqondiswe emakethe
Umthombo: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni enkampani ngayinye, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
I-inverter yebhethri yohlobo oluhlukanisiwe idume kakhulu phakathi kwezifaki, kodwa isiguquli sebhethri se-in-one siyindlela yokuthuthuka yesikhathi esizayo. Ama-inverter e-hybrid esitoreji selanga ahlukaniswe ngama-inverter ayi-hybrid athengiswa ngokuhlukana kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ebhethri (BESS) athengisa ama-inverter namabhethri ndawonye. Njengamanje, nabathengisi abalawula iziteshi, amakhasimende aqondile agxile kakhulu, futhi imikhiqizo enamabhethri ahlukene kanye nama-inverter athandwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kweJalimane, ngoba kulula ukuyifaka nokwandisa, futhi inganciphisa izindleko zokuthenga. , uma umphakeli oyedwa engakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamabhethri noma ama-inverters, ungathola umphakeli wesibili, futhi ukulethwa kuzoqinisekiswa kakhulu. Ukuthambekela eJalimane, e-United States, naseJapane imishini ehlangene. Umshini ohlanganisa konke ungasindisa izinkinga eziningi ngemva kokuthengisa, futhi kunezici zesitifiketi. Isibonelo, isitifiketi sesistimu yomlilo e-United States sidinga ukuxhunyaniswa ne-inverter. Isitayela samanje sezobuchwepheshe sibheke emishinini yonke-in-one, kodwa mayelana nokuthengiswa kwemakethe, uhlobo lokuhlukaniswa lwamukelwa kakhulu ngabafaki.
Abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya sebeqalile ukufaka imishini ehlanganisiwe yebhethri-inverter. Abakhiqizi abanjengoShohang Xinneng, Growatt, and Kehuabonke bakhethe le modeli. Ukuthengiswa kwebhethri lamandla kaShougang Xinneng ngo-2021 kufinyelele kuma-pcs angama-35,100, okuwukunyuka izikhathi ezingama-25 uma kuqhathaniswa neminyaka engama-20; Ukugcinwa kwamandla kaGrwatt ngo-2021 Ukuthengiswa kwebhethri bekungamasethi angama-53,000, okuwukunyuka okuphindwe kahlanu kuneminyaka engama-20 edlule. Izinga elihle kakhulu lama-inverters okugcina amandla e-Airo liqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwebhethri. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwebhethri le-Airo kwaba ngu-196.99MWh, nemali engenayo engama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-383, imali engenayo ephindwe kabili yama-inverters okugcina amandla. Amakhasimende anezinga eliphezulu lokuqashelwa kwabakhiqizi be-inverter abenza amabhethri ngoba banobudlelwano obuhle bokubambisana nabakhiqizi be-inverter futhi bathembele emikhiqizweni.
Ingxenye Yemali Engenayo Yebhethri Yesitoreji Samandla Entsha ye-Shouhang Inyuka Ngokushesha
rce: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Imali engenayo yebhethri ye-Airo yokugcina amandla izobalelwa ku-46% ngo-2021
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ezinhlelweni ezixhumene ne-DC, amasistimu amabhethri kagesi aphezulu asebenza kahle kakhulu, kodwa abiza kakhulu uma kwenzeka kushoda ibhethri lamandla kagesi aphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlelo zebhethri ezingama-48V, amabhethri anamandla kagesi aphezulu anobubanzi be-voltage yokusebenza engu-200-500V DC, ukulahleka kwekhebula eliphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ngoba amaphaneli elanga ngokuvamile asebenza ku-300-600V, afana ne-voltage yebhethri, nokulahlekelwa okuphansi kakhulu nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Iziguquli ze-DC-DC zingasetshenziswa. Amasistimu ebhethri kagesi aphezulu anamanani ebhethri aphezulu kanye namanani e-inverter aphansi kunamasistimu kagesi aphansi. Njengamanje, amabhethri anamandla kagesi aphezulu adingeka kakhulu futhi awanele, ngakho-ke amabhethri anamandla aphezulu kunzima ukuwathenga. Esimeni sokushoda kwebhethri lamandla kagesi aphezulu, kushibhile ukusebenzisa amasistimu ebhethri lamandla kagesi aphansi.
Ukuhlangana kwe-DC phakathi kwe-solar array kanye ne-inverter
Umthombo: ukubuyekezwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ukuhlanganisa okuqondile kwe-DC kuma-inverter ahambisanayo ayi-hybrid
rce: ukubuyekezwa kwamandla ahlanzekile, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ama-inverter ama-Hybrid avela kubakhiqizi abakhulu basekhaya afaneleka kumasistimu angaphandle kwegridi ngoba ukukhishwa kwawo okuyisipele kwamandla ngesikhathi sokuphela kukagesi akunqunyelwe. Amandla ayisipele wamandla weminye imikhiqizo aphansi kancane kunebanga lamandla elijwayelekile, kodwaamandla ayisipele kagesi wemikhiqizo emisha ye-Goodwe, Jinlang, Sungrow, ne-Hemai ayafana nenani elivamile, okungukuthi, amandla awanqunyelwe kakhulu lapho esebenza ngaphandle kwegridi, ngakho-ke ama-inverter okugcina amandla abakhiqizi be-Inverter basekhaya afaneleka kumasistimu angaphandle kwegridi.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwamandla ayisipele wamandla emikhiqizo ye-hybrid inverter evela kubakhiqizi be-inverter basekhaya
Imithombo yedatha: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni enkampani ngayinye, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
I-AC ehambisana ne-inverter
Amasistimu ahlanganiswe ne-DC awafanele ukufaka kabusha amasistimu akhona axhunywe kugridi. Indlela yokuhlanganisa i-DC ngokuyinhloko inezinkinga ezilandelayo: Okokuqala, uhlelo olusebenzisa i-DC coupling lunezinkinga ngezintambo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nomklamo wemojula ongasasebenzi lapho lulungisa uhlelo olukhona oluxhunywe kugridi; okwesibili, ukubambezeleka ekushintsheni phakathi kwegridi exhunywe ne-off-grid yinde, okunzima ukuthi abasebenzisi bayisebenzise. Isipiliyoni sikagesi sibi; okwesithathu, imisebenzi yokulawula ehlakaniphile ayiphelele ngokwanele futhi impendulo yokulawula ayifikanga ngesikhathi, okwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa izicelo ze-microgrid zokunikezwa kwamandla endlini yonke. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izinkampani zikhethe umzila wobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa i-AC, njenge-Yuneng.
Isistimu yokuhlanganisa i-AC yenza ukufakwa komkhiqizo kube lula. I-Yuneng ibona ukugeleza kwamandla okubili ngokuhlanganisa uhlangothi lwe-AC kanye nesistimu ye-photovoltaic, isusa isidingo sokufinyelela ibhasi le-DC photovoltaic, okwenza ukufakwa komkhiqizo kube lula; ibona ukuhlanganiswa kwe-off-grid ngenhlanganisela yokulawula isikhathi sangempela sesofthiwe kanye nokuthuthukiswa komklamo wehadiwe ukushintshashintsha kwezinga le-Millisecond; ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kokuphumayo kwe-inverter yokugcina amandla kanye nomklamo omusha ohlangene wokunikezwa kwamandla kanye nesistimu yokusabalalisa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-microgrid yokunikezwa kwamandla endlu yonke ngaphansi kokulawula kwebhokisi lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kuyafezeka.
Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo ehlanganiswe ne-AC kungaphansi kancane kunaleyo yama-inverter ayi-hybrid. I-Jinlong ne-GoodWe baphinde bafaka imikhiqizo ehlanganiswe ne-AC, eqondiswe kakhulu emakethe yokuguqulwa kwamasheya. Ukusebenza kahle okukhulu kokuguqulwa kwemikhiqizo ehlanganiswe ne-AC yi-94-97%, ephansi kancane kunaleyo ye-hybrid inverters. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye kufanele ziguqulelwe kabili ngaphambi kokuthi zigcinwe ebhethrini ngemva kokukhiqiza ugesi, okunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqula.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemikhiqizo ehlanganiswe ne-AC evela kubakhiqizi be-inverter basekhaya
Umthombo: Amawebhusayithi asemthethweni ezinkampani ezihlukahlukene, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-20-2024
