Isingeniso
Amabhethri elanga, aziwa nangokuthi amasistimu okugcina amandla elanga, aya ngokuya eduma njengoba izixazululo zamandla avuselelekayo zithola amandla emhlabeni jikelele. Lawa mabhethri agcina amandla engeziwe akhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga phakathi nezinsuku libalele futhi awakhulule lapho ilanga lingashi, okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla okuqhubekayo nokuthembekile. Nokho, omunye wemibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana namabhethri elanga ukuthi angashajwa kangaki. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlinzeka ngokuhlaziywa okuphelele kwalesi sihloko, ukuhlola izici ezithonya imijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri, ubuchwepheshe obusekela amabhethri elanga, kanye nemithelela esebenzayo kubathengi namabhizinisi.
Ukuqonda Imijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri
Ngaphambi kokungena kokucacisiwe kwamabhethri elanga, kubalulekile ukuqonda umqondo wemijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri. Umjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha ubhekisela ohlelweni lokushajwa ngokugcwele kwebhethri bese ulishaja ngokugcwele. Inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa ibhethri elingangena kuyo iyimethrikhi ebalulekile enquma ubude bayo bempilo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kukonke.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri zinamandla ahlukene omjikelezo wokushajwa. Isibonelo, amabhethri e-lead-acid, avame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni zendabuko kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zamandla ekhophi yasenqolobaneni, ngokuvamile anesikhathi sokuphila semijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha engama-300 kuye kwangama-500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amabhethri e-lithium-ion, athuthuke kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-electronics abathengi kanye nezimoto zikagesi, angakwazi ukuphatha imijikelezo yokushajwa eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa.
Izinto Ezithonya Imijikelezo Yokushajwa Kwebhethri Lelanga
Izinto ezimbalwa zingaba nomthelela enanini lemijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha ibhethri lelanga elingangena kuyo. Lokhu kubandakanya:
I-Battery Chemistry
Uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri ludlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni umthamo walo womjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngokuvamile anikela ngezibalo eziphezulu zomjikelezo wokushajwa uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lead-acid. Ezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali ebhethri, njenge-nickel-cadmium (NiCd) ne-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), nazo zinemikhawulo yazo yokushajwa kabusha.
Amasistimu Okuphatha Ibhethri (BMS)
Isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri eklanywe kahle (i-BMS) inganweba kakhulu impilo yebhethri lelanga ngokuqapha nokulawula amapharamitha ahlukahlukene njengezinga lokushisa, i-voltage, namandla. I-BMS ingavimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile, ukushajwa kakhulu, nezinye izimo ezingehlisa isithunzi ukusebenza kwebhethri futhi zehlise isibalo somjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha.
Ukujula Kokukhipha (DOD)
Ukujula kokukhipha (i-DOD) kubhekisela kumaphesenti womthamo webhethri osetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba ishajwe kabusha. Amabhethri akhishwa njalo ku-DOD ephezulu azoba nempilo emfushane uma kuqhathaniswa nalawo akhishwa kancane kancane. Isibonelo, ukushajwa kwebhethri ku-80% DOD kuzoholela emijikelezweni yokushajwa engaphezulu kunokuyishajwa ku-100% DOD.
Izilinganiso zokushaja nokukhipha
Izinga ibhethri eshajwa ngalo futhi likhishwe ngalo lingaphazamisa isibalo somjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha. Ukushaja okusheshayo nokushajwa kungadala ukushisa, okungalulaza izinto zebhethri futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izilinganiso zokushaja nokukhipha ezifanele ukuze ukhulise impilo yebhethri.
Izinga lokushisa
Ukusebenza kwebhethri neminyaka yokuphila kuzwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi angasheshisa ukuwohloka kwezinto zebhethri, kwehlise inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa engase idlule kuyo. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwamazinga okushisa ebhethri asezingeni elifanele ngokufaka i-insulation efanele, umoya omncane, nezinhlelo zokulawula izinga lokushisa kubalulekile.
Isondlo Nokunakekela
Ukunakekelwa nokunakekelwa okuvamile nakho kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni ubude bempilo yebhethri lelanga. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanza amatheminali ebhethri, ukuhlola izimpawu zokugqwala noma zokonakala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kuqinile futhi kuvikelekile.
Izinhlobo zamabhethri elanga kanye nezibalo zawo zomjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha
Manje njengoba sesinokuqonda okungcono kwezinto ezithonya imijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri, ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zamabhethri elanga nokubalwa komjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha:
Amabhethri e-lead-Acid
Amabhethri e-lead-acid awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwamabhethri elanga, ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi nokuthembeka kwawo. Nokho, banesikhathi esifushane sokuphila ngokwemijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha. Amabhethri e-lead-acid egcwele amanzi akwazi ukuphatha imijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha engu-300 kuya ku-500, kuyilapho amabhethri e-lead-acid evaliwe (njengejeli nomata wengilazi emuncwe, noma i-AGM, amabhethri) angase anikeze izibalo zomjikelezo eziphakeme kancane.
Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion
Amabhethri e-lithium-ion aya ngokuya aduma ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla elanga ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu, ubude besikhathi sokuphila, kanye nezidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi. Ngokuya ngekhemikhali ethile nomkhiqizi, amabhethri e-lithium-ion anganikeza imijikelezo yokushajwa eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa. Amanye amabhethri e-lithium-ion asezingeni eliphezulu, njengalawo asetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi, angaba nesikhathi sokuphila semijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha engaphezu kuka-10,000.
Amabhethri Asekelwe ku-Nickel
Amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium (NiCd) kanye ne-nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) awavamile kumasistimu okugcina amandla elanga kodwa asasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza. Amabhethri e-NiCd ngokuvamile anesikhathi sokuphila esingaba ngu-1,000 kuya ku-2,000 imijikelezo yokushajwa, kuyilapho amabhethri e-NiMH angase anikeze izibalo zomjikelezo eziphakeme kancane. Kodwa-ke, zombili izinhlobo zamabhethri zithathelwe indawo kakhulu amabhethri e-lithium-ion ngenxa yokuqina kwawo okuphezulu nempilo ende.
Amabhethri e-Sodium-ion
Amabhethri e-sodium-ion awuhlobo olusha olusha lobuchwepheshe bebhethri olunikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezu kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion, okuhlanganisa izindleko eziphansi kanye nenqwaba yezinto ezingavuthiwe (sodium). Nakuba amabhethri e-sodium-ion asesezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthuka, kulindeleke ukuthi abe nokuphila okuqhathaniswayo noma okude ngokwemijikelezo yokushajwa uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Amabhethri Agelezayo
Amabhethri agelezayo awuhlobo lwesistimu yokugcina i-electrochemical esebenzisa uketshezi lwe-electrolyte ukugcina amandla. Banamandla okunikeza ukuphila okude kakhulu nokubala komjikelezo ophezulu, njengoba ama-electrolyte angashintshwa noma agcwaliswe njengoba kudingeka. Nokho, amabhethri okugeleza okwamanje ayabiza kakhulu futhi awavamile ukwedlula ezinye izinhlobo zamabhethri elanga.
Imithelela Esebenzayo Kubathengi Namabhizinisi
Inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha ibhethri lelanga elingadlula linemithelela eminingana ebonakalayo kubathengi nakumabhizinisi. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezicatshangelwayo:
Izindleko-Ngempumelelo
Ukuphumelela kwezindleko zebhethri lelanga kunqunywa kakhulu ubude bayo bempilo kanye nenani lemijikelezo yokushajwa engadlula kuyo. Amabhethri anezibalo zomjikelezo wokushajwa okuphezulu avamise ukuba nezindleko eziphansi ngomjikelezo ngamunye, okuwenza akwazi ukusebenza ngokwezomnotho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Amandla Ukuzimela
Amabhethri elanga ahlinzeka ngendlela yokuthi abathengi namabhizinisi bagcine amandla engeziwe akhiqizwe amaphaneli elanga futhi bawasebenzise lapho ilanga lingakhanyi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuzimeleni okukhulu kwamandla nokunciphisa ukuthembela kugridi, okungaba yinzuzo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinogesi ongathembeki noma obizayo.
Umthelela Wezemvelo
Amabhethri elanga angasiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa ngokuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqizwa nokulahlwa kwebhethri nakho kufanele kubhekwe. Amabhethri anesikhathi eside sokuphila kanye nezibalo zomjikelezo wokushajwa okuphezulu angasiza ukunciphisa ukungcola futhi ehlise isigxivizo sendawo yonke samasistimu okugcina amandla elanga.
I-Scalability kanye Nokuvumelana nezimo
Ikhono lokugcina amandla nokuwasebenzisa lapho kudingeka linikeza ukunwebeka okukhulu nokuvumelana nezimo ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi nezinhlangano ezinezidingo zamandla ahlukahlukene noma ezisebenza ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esingalindelekile.
Amathrendi Azayo Nezinto Ezintsha
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singalindela ukubona izinto ezintsha ezintsha kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri lelanga. Nawa amathrendi esikhathi esizayo angase abe nomthelela enanini lemijikelezo yokushajwa kabusha amabhethri elanga angayithola:
I-Advanced Battery Chemistries
Abacwaningi bahlala besebenzela amakhemikhali amasha ebhethri anikeza ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ubude bempilo, namazinga okushaja asheshayo. Lawa makhemikhali amasha angaholela kumabhethri elanga anezibalo eziphezulu zomjikelezo wokushajwa.
Amasistimu Okuphatha Ibhethri Athuthukisiwe
Intuthuko yezinhlelo zokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) ingasiza ekunwebiseni ubude bempilo yamabhethri elanga ngokuqapha nokulawula izimo zokusebenza kwawo ngokunembe kakhudlwana. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukulawula izinga lokushisa okungcono, ukushaja okunembe kakhudlwana nokukhipha ama-algorithms, kanye nokuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela nokutholwa kwamaphutha.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwegridi kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Okukhaliphile
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamabhethri elanga negridi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla ezihlakaniphile kungaholela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphumelelayo nokuthembekile. Lawa masistimu angathuthukisa ukushajwa nokushajwa kwamabhethri elanga asuselwa kuzintengo zamandla esikhathi sangempela, izimo zegridi, nezibikezelo zesimo sezulu, ngokuqhubekayo andise ubude bempilo yawo nokubalwa komjikelezo wokushajwa.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, inani lemijikelezo yokushajwa ibhethri lelanga liyisici esibalulekile esinquma ubude bayo bempilo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko sekukonke. Izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ikhemikhali yebhethri, i-BMS, ukujula kokukhipha, izilinganiso zokushaja nokukhipha, izinga lokushisa, nokugcinwa nokunakekelwa, kungaba nomthelela ekubalweni komjikelezo wokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri lelanga. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamabhethri elanga zinamandla ahlukene omjikelezo wokushajwa, namabhethri e-lithium-ion anikezela ngezibalo eziphezulu kakhulu. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka buthuthuka, singalindela ukubona izinto ezintsha ezintsha kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yelanga, okuholela ekubalweni okuphezulu kakhulu komjikelezo wokushajwa kanye nokuzimela okukhulu kwamandla kubathengi namabhizinisi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-12-2024
