Iintlobo ze-inverter yokugcina amandla
Indlela yobugcisa: Zimbini iindlela ezinkulu: ukudityaniswa kwe-DC kunye nokudityaniswa kwe-AC
Inkqubo yokugcina i-photovoltaic ibandakanya iipaneli zelanga, abalawuli,ii-inverters zelanga, iibhetri zokugcina amandla, imithwalo kunye nezinye izixhobo. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zobugcisa: ukudibanisa kwe-DC kunye nokudibanisa kwe-AC. Ukudityaniswa kwe-AC okanye kwe-DC kubhekiselele kwindlela iphaneli yelanga edityaniswa ngayo okanye eqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokugcina amandla okanye inkqubo yebhetri. Uhlobo lokudibanisa phakathi kwepaneli yelanga kunye nebhetri ingaba yi-AC okanye i-DC. Uninzi lweesekethe ze-elektroniki zisebenzisa i-DC, iiphaneli zelanga zivelisa i-DC, kwaye iibhetri zigcina i-DC, kodwa uninzi lwezixhobo zombane zisebenza kwi-AC.
I-Hybrid photovoltaic + i-energy storage system, oko kukuthi, i-current ngqo eyenziwa yimodyuli ye-photovoltaic igcinwe kwi-bettery pack ngokusebenzisa umlawuli, kwaye igridi inokuhlawulisa ibhetri ngokusebenzisa i-bidirectional DC-AC converter. Indawo yokuqokelela amandla ikwisiphelo sebhetri yeDC. Emini, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuqala kunika umthwalo, kwaye emva koko uhlawule ibhetri ngomlawuli weMPPT. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla ixhunywe kwigridi, kwaye amandla angaphezulu angaxhunywa kwigridi; ebusuku, ibhetri ikhupha ukubonelela umthwalo, kwaye inxalenye enganeleyo yongezwa yigridi; xa igridi ingekho amandla, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye neebhetri ze-lithium zibonelela kuphela amandla kumthwalo wegridi, kwaye umthwalo oxhunyiwe kwigridi awukwazi ukusetyenziswa. Xa amandla omthwalo mkhulu kunamandla okuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic, igridi kunye ne-photovoltaic inokubonelela amandla kumthwalo ngexesha elifanayo. Ngenxa yokuba ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okulayisha akuzinzile, bathembele kwiibhetri ukulinganisa amandla enkqubo. Ukongeza, inkqubo ikwaxhasa abasebenzisi ukuseta ixesha lokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ukukhawulelana nemfuno yamandla yomsebenzisi.
Indlela i-DC-Coupled System esebenza ngayo
Umthombo: amandla omoya, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
I-Hybrid photovoltaic + inkqubo yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
I-inverter ye-hybrid idibanisa ukusebenza kwe-off-grid ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshaja. Ii-inverters ezibotshelelwe kwigridi zivala ngokuzenzekelayo umbane kwisixokelelwano sakho seepaneli zelanga ngexesha lokuphela kombane ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko. I-Hybrid inverters, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba babe ne-off-grid kunye ne-on-grid amandla ngaxeshanye, ngoko ke amandla angasetyenziswa nangexesha lokuphela kombane. Ii-inverters zeHybrid zenza kube lula ukubeka iliso kumandla, ukuvumela idatha ebalulekileyo efana nokusebenza kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla ukuba ihlolwe ngepaneli yokuguqula okanye izixhobo ezihlakaniphile ezixhunyiwe. Ukuba inkqubo inee-inverters ezimbini, kufuneka zibekwe esweni ngokwahlukileyo. Ukudibanisa kwe-DC kunciphisa ilahleko yokuguqulwa kwe-AC-DC. Ukutshaja kwebhetri ukusebenza kakuhle kumalunga nama-95-99%, ngelixa udibaniso lwe-AC luyi-90%.
Ii-inverters zeHybrid zinoqoqosho, zihlangene, kwaye kulula ukuzifaka. Ukufakela i-inverter entsha ye-hybrid ngebhetri edibeneyo ye-DC inokuba yindleko ephantsi kunokubuyisela ibhetri ye-AC-idityanisiweyo kwinkqubo ekhoyo ngenxa yokuba umlawuli unexabiso eliphantsi kune-inverter eboshwe ngegridi, ukutshintshwa kunexabiso eliphantsi kunekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa, kunye ne-DC- isisombululo esidityanisiweyo sinokwenziwa kwisilawuli-inverter yonke-in-one, ukugcina zombini izixhobo kunye neendleko zokufakela. Ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezincinci kunye naphakathi-amandla ngaphandle kwegridi, iinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zeDC zineendleko eziphezulu kakhulu. Ii-inverters zeHybrid zimodyuli kakhulu, kwaye kulula ukongeza amacandelo amatsha kunye nabalawuli. Amacandelo awongezelelekileyo anokongezwa ngokulula kusetyenziswa abalawuli belanga be-DC abanexabiso eliphantsi. Kwaye ii-inverters ze-hybrid zenzelwe ukudibanisa ukugcinwa nangaliphi na ixesha, okwenza kube lula ukongeza iipakethi zebhetri. Iinkqubo ze-Hybrid inverter zixinene, zisebenzisa iibhetri ezinombane ophezulu, kwaye zineesayizi ezincinci zeentambo kunye nelahleko ephantsi.
Uqwalaselo lwenkqubo yokudibanisa yeDC
Umthombo: iZhongrui Lighting Network, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Uqwalaselo lwenkqubo yokudibanisa i-AC
Umthombo: iZhongrui Lighting Network, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Nangona kunjalo, ii-inverters ze-hybridi azifanelekanga ukuphucula iinkqubo ezikhoyo zelanga, kwaye iinkqubo ezinkulu zinzima kwaye zibiza ukuzifaka. Ukuba umsebenzisi ufuna ukuphucula inkqubo yelanga esele ikhona ukuze ibandakanye ukugcinwa kwebhetri, ukukhetha i-inverter ye-hybrid kunokwenza imeko ibe nzima, kwaye i-inverter yebhetri inokuba yindleko eninzi kuba ukukhetha ukufakela i-inverter ye-hybrid kufuna ukuphinda kuphinde kuphinde kuphinde kubizwe yonke into. inkqubo yephaneli yelanga. Iinkqubo ezinkulu zinzima kakhulu ukufakela kwaye zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo sabalawuli be-high-voltage. Ukuba umbane usetyenziswa kakhulu emini, kuya kubakho ukuhla okuncinci ekusebenzeni ngenxa ye-DC (PV) ukuya kwi-DC (batt) ukuya kwi-AC.
Inkqubo yokugcina amandla edibeneyo ye-photovoltaic +, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-AC yokuguqulwa kwe-photovoltaic + inkqubo yokugcina amandla, inokuqonda ukuba amandla e-DC aveliswa yimodyuli ye-photovoltaic aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-AC ngokusebenzisa i-inverter edityanisiweyo yegridi, kwaye emva koko amandla angaphezulu aguqulwa. kumandla eDC kwaye agcinwe ebhetrini nge-AC edityanisiweyo yokugcina amandla. Indawo yokuqokelela amandla ikwisiphelo se-AC. Iquka inkqubo yokubonelela umbane we-photovoltaic kunye nenkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla ebhetri. Inkqubo ye-photovoltaic iqukethe i-photovoltaic array kunye ne-inverter edibeneyo yegridi, kwaye inkqubo yebhetri iqukethe ibhetri yebhetri kunye ne-bidirectional inverter. Iinkqubo ezimbini zinokusebenza ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisana, okanye ziyakwazi ukuhlukana kwigridi yamandla amakhulu ukuze zenze inkqubo ye-microgrid.
Indlela i-AC-Coupled Systems isebenza ngayo
Umthombo: amandla omoya, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
I-photovoltaic yasekhaya edibeneyo + inkqubo yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: iGoodWe Solar Community, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-AC i-100% ihambelana negridi yamandla, kulula ukuyifaka kwaye kulula ukwandisa. Amacandelo ofakelo lwasekhaya asemgangathweni ayafumaneka, kwaye neenkqubo ezinkulu kakhulu (2KW ukuya kwinqanaba le-MW) zinwebeka ngokulula kwaye zinokudityaniswa neeseti zejeneretha ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezizimele zodwa (iiyunithi zedizili, iiinjini zomoya, njl. njl.). Uninzi lwee-inverters zelanga ezingaphezu kwe-3kW zineempembelelo ezimbini zeMPPT, ngoko ke imitya emide yeepaneli inokufakwa kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuqhelaniswa kunye nee-engile zokuthambeka. Kumandla ombane aphezulu eDC, ukudityaniswa kwe-AC kulula, kuncinci kwaye akubizi mali ininzi ukufakela iinkqubo ezinkulu kuneesistim ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC ezifuna abalawuli abaninzi be-MPPT.
I-AC coupling ifanelekile ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo, kwaye isebenze ngakumbi ukusebenzisa imithwalo ye-AC emini. Iinkqubo ezikhoyo ze-PV ezixhunyiwe kwigridi zingatshintshwa zibe yinkqubo yokugcina amandla kunye neendleko eziphantsi zotyalo-mali. Inokubonelela abasebenzisi ngokukhuselwa kwamandla akhuselekileyo xa igridi ingekho amandla. Iyahambelana neenkqubo zePV eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo. Iinkqubo zokudityaniswa kwe-AC eziphambili zihlala zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo ezinkulu ze-off-grid kwaye zisebenzisa ii-inverters zelanga zentambo ezidityaniswe ne-inverters ye-multi-mode okanye i-inverter / iitshaja zokulawula iibhetri kunye neegridi / iijeneretha. Nangona zilula ukuseta kwaye zinamandla, zisebenza kancinci kancinci (90-94%) xa zitshaja iibhetri xa zithelekiswa neenkqubo zokudityaniswa kwe-DC (98%). Nangona kunjalo, ezi nkqubo zisebenza kakuhle xa zinika amandla imithwalo ephezulu ye-AC emini, ifikelela ngaphezu kwe-97%, kwaye ezinye iinkqubo zinokwandiswa ngee-inverters ezininzi zelanga ukuze zenze i-microgrids.
Ukudibanisa i-AC akusebenzi kakuhle kwaye kuyabiza kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezincinci. Amandla angena kwibhetri kwi-AC coupling kufuneka aguqulwe kabini, kwaye xa umsebenzisi eqala ukusebenzisa loo mandla, kufuneka aguqulwe kwakhona, engeza ilahleko engaphezulu kwinkqubo. Ngoko ke, xa usebenzisa inkqubo yebhetri, ukusebenza kakuhle kokudibanisa i-AC kwehla ukuya kuma-85-90%. Ii-inverters ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC zibiza kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezincinci.
I-off-grid yendlu ye-photovoltaic + inkqubo yokugcina amandla ngokubanzi iqulethwe iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic, iibhetri ze-lithium, i-inverters yokugcina amandla e-off-grid, imithwalo kunye neejeneretha ze-diesel. Inkqubo inokuqonda ukutshaja ngokuthe ngqo kweebhetri nge-photovoltaics ngokuguqulwa kwe-DC-DC, kwaye inokuqonda kwakhona ukuguqulwa kwe-DC-AC ye-bidirectional yokutshaja kunye nokukhupha ibhetri. Emini, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kuqala kunika umthwalo, kwaye emva koko uhlawule ibhetri; ebusuku, ibhetri ikhupha ukubonelela umthwalo, kwaye xa ibhetri inganele, umthwalo unikezelwa ngamajeneretha e-diesel. Iyakwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zombane zemihla ngemihla kwiindawo ezingenazo iigridi zamandla. Inokudityaniswa neejenereyitha zedizili ukuze iijenereyitha zedizili zikwazi ukubonelela ngemithwalo okanye iibhetri. Uninzi lwe-inverters yokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwegridi ayinaso isatifikethi soqhagamshelo lwegridi, kwaye nokuba inkqubo inegridi, ayinakuqhagamshelwa kwigridi.
Isiguquli segridi esivaliweyo
Umthombo: Iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yaseGrwatt, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Ngaphandle kwegridi yekhaya photovoltaic + inkqubo yokugcina amandla
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Iimeko ezisebenzayo kwii-inverters zokugcina amandla
Ii-inverters zokugcina amandla zinemisebenzi emithathu emikhulu, kubandakanywa ukucheba okuphezulu, ukunikezelwa kwamandla okugcina kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla okuzimeleyo. Ngokwembono yengingqi, ukucheba okuphezulu kuyimfuno eYurophu. Ukuthatha iJamani njengomzekelo, ixabiso lombane eJamani lafikelela kwi-2.3 yuan / kWh kwi-2019, libeka kuqala kwihlabathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amaxabiso ombane aseJamani aqhubekile nokunyuka. Kwi-2021, ixabiso lombane lokuhlala eJamani lifikelele kwi-34 euro cents / kWh, ngelixa i-photovoltaic / photovoltaic yokusabalalisa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-LCOE kuphela i-9.3 / 14.1 euro cents / kWh, eyi-73% / 59% ephantsi kwexabiso lombane lokuhlala. Ixabiso lombane lokuhlala lifana noMahluko phakathi kokuhanjiswa kwe-photovoltaic kunye neendleko zombane zokugcina ziya kuqhubeka zikhula. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-photovoltaic yasekhaya kunye neenkqubo zokugcina kunokunciphisa iindleko zombane, ngoko abasebenzisi kwiindawo ezinamaxabiso aphezulu ombane banezikhuthazo ezinamandla zokufaka ukugcinwa kwendlu.
Amaxabiso ombane wokuhlala kumazwe ahlukeneyo ngo-2019
Umthombo: UPhando lwe-EuPD, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Inqanaba lexabiso lombane eJamani (iisenti/kWh)
Umthombo: UPhando lwe-EuPD, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Kwimarike yomthwalo ophezulu, abasebenzisi bakhetha ii-inverters ze-hybridi kunye neenkqubo zebhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC, ezingabizi kakhulu kwaye kulula ukwenza. Iitshaja ze-inverter zebhetri ezingaphandle kwegridi ezineziguquli ezinzima zibiza kakhulu, kwaye ii-inverters ezixubileyo kunye neenkqubo zebhetri ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC zisebenzisa i-transformerless inverters kunye ne-switching transistors. Ezi ziguquli zicwengileyo nezikhaphukhaphu zinesantya esisezantsi kunye nencopho yomgangatho wokuphuma kwamandla, kodwa zineendleko ezingaphezulu, zinexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kulula ukwenziwa.
Unikezelo lwamandla olugciniweyo luyafuneka yi-United States ne-Japan, kwaye ubonelelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo lukwimfuno engxamisekileyo yemalike, kubandakanywa uMzantsi Afrika kunye neminye imimandla. Ngokwe-EIA, umndilili wokucinywa kombane e-United States ngo-2020 wadlula iiyure ezisi-8, ezachatshazelwa ikakhulu yindawo yokuhlala esasazekileyo yabemi baseMelika, ukwaluphala kwezinye iigridi zamandla, kunye neentlekele zendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokusasazwa kwe-photovoltaic yasekhaya kunye nokugcinwa kunokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigridi yamandla kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kokunikezelwa kwamandla kwicala lomsebenzisi. Inkqubo yokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic e-United States inkulu kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeebhetri ezininzi kuba idinga ukugcina umbane ukujongana neentlekele zemvelo. Unikezelo lwamandla oluzimeleyo yimfuno engxamisekileyo yemarike. Kumazwe afana noMzantsi Afrika, iPakistan, iLebhanon, iiPhilippines, kunye neVietnam, apho ikhonkco lonikezelo lwehlabathi liqinile, iziseko zophuhliso zesizwe azanelanga ukuxhasa ukusetyenziswa kombane kwabantu, ngoko ke abasebenzisi kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ephotovoltaic zasekhaya.
Ukuphela kombane wase-US ngomntu ngamnye (iiyure)
Umthombo: iEIA, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
NgoJuni ka-2022, uMzantsi Afrika uqalise inqanaba lesithandathu lomlinganiselo wombane, iindawo ezininzi zinengxaki yokucima kombane iiyure ezi-6 ngosuku.
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Iziguquli zeHybrid zinemida ethile njengamandla okugcina. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-inverters zebhetri ezizinikezeleyo ngaphandle kwegrid, ii-inverters ezixutyiweyo zinemida ethile, ubukhulu becala ukunyuka okulinganiselweyo okanye ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu ngexesha lokuphela kombane. Ukongeza, ezinye ii-inverters ze-hybrid azinawo amandla okugcina amandla okanye amandla agciniweyo agciniweyo, ngoko ke imithwalo encinci okanye eyimfuneko efana nokukhanya kunye neesekethe zamandla ezisisiseko zinokuxhaswa ngexesha lokuphela kombane, kwaye iinkqubo ezininzi ziya kuba nokulibaziseka kwe-3-5 yesibini ngexesha lombane. ukucima. Ii-inverters ze-Off-grid zibonelela ngesantya esiphezulu kakhulu kunye nencopho yemveliso yamandla kwaye inokuphatha imithwalo ephezulu yokukhuthaza. Ukuba abasebenzisi baceba ukunika amandla izixhobo zotyando oluphezulu njengeempompo, iicompressors, oomatshini bokuhlamba, kunye nezixhobo zamandla, i-inverter kufuneka ikwazi ukuphatha imithwalo ephezulu yotyando.
I-Hybrid inverter yemveliso yokulinganisa amandla
Umthombo: uphononongo lwamandla acocekileyo, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
I-DC edityaniswe ne-hybrid inverter
Okwangoku, iinkqubo ezininzi zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic kwishishini zisebenzisa i-DC coupling ukuphumeza i-photovoltaic edibeneyo kunye noyilo lokugcinwa kwamandla, ngokukodwa kwiinkqubo ezintsha, apho i-hybrid inverters ilula ukuyifaka kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Xa ukongeza inkqubo entsha, ukusebenzisa i-photovoltaic kunye ne-inverter yokugcina amandla e-hybrid inokunciphisa iindleko zezixhobo kunye neendleko zokufakela, kuba i-inverter enye inokufezekisa ulawulo oludibeneyo kunye ne-inverter. Umlawuli kunye nokutshintsha ukutshintsha kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-DC kubiza kakhulu kune-inverter edibeneyo yegridi kunye nekhabhinethi yokusabalalisa kwinkqubo yokudibanisa i-AC, ngoko ke isisombululo sokudibanisa i-DC sincinci kunesisombululo sokudibanisa i-AC. Kwinkqubo yokudibanisa ye-DC, umlawuli, ibhetri kunye ne-inverter ziyi-serial, uxhulumaniso luqinile, kwaye ukuguquguquka kubi. Kwiinkqubo ezisanda kufakwa, ii-photovoltaics, iibhetri, kunye nee-inverters ziyilwe ngokuhambelana nomthwalo womthwalo womsebenzisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ngoko ke zifaneleke ngakumbi kwi-DC-coupled hybrid inverters.
Iimveliso ze-DC ezidityaniswe ne-hybrid inverter zezona ziphambili, kwaye abavelisi abakhulu basekhaya baye bazisasaza. Ngaphandle kwe-AP Energy, abavelisi abakhulu be-inverter basekhaya basebenzise ii-inverters ezixubileyo, phakathi kwazoSineng Electric, GoodWe, kunye Jinlongbaye bafaka ii-inverters ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC, kwaye ifom yemveliso igqityiwe. I-inverter ye-Deye ye-hybrid ixhasa ukudibanisa kwe-AC kwisiseko sokudibanisa kwe-DC, ebonelela ngokufakela lula kwiimfuno zokuguqulwa kwesitokhwe sabasebenzisi.Sungrow, Huawei, Sineng Electric, kunye neGoodWebaye bafaka iibhetri zokugcina amandla, kunye nokudibanisa i-inverter yebhetri ingaba yinto ehamba phambili kwixesha elizayo.
Uyilo lwabavelisi abakhulu be-inverter basekhaya
Umthombo: iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Isigaba sesithathu semveliso ye-voltage ephezulu yingqwalasela yazo zonke iinkampani, kwaye i-Deye igxile kwimarike yemveliso ephantsi. Okwangoku, uninzi lweemveliso ze-hybrid inverter zingaphakathi kwe-10KW, iimveliso ezingaphantsi kwe-6KW ubukhulu becala ziyimveliso ene-voltage ephantsi, kunye neemveliso ze-5-10KW ubukhulu becala zinqanaba lesithathu leemveliso eziphezulu ze-voltage. I-Deye iye yavelisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso yamandla aphantsi, kunye ne-low-voltage ye-15KW imveliso eqaliswe kulo nyaka sele iqalile ukuthengisa.
Abavelisi be-inverter basekhaya be-hybrid inverter iimveliso
Obona buchule buphezulu bokuguqulwa kweemveliso ezintsha ezivela kubavelisi be-inverter basekhaya bufikelele malunga ne-98%, kwaye ixesha lokutshintsha kwigridi kunye ne-off-grid ngokubanzi lingaphantsi kwe-20ms. Ukusebenza kokuguqulwa okuphezuluyeJinlong, Sungrow, kunye neHuaweiiimveliso ifikelele 98,4%, kwayeGoodWenayo ifikelele kuma-98.2%. Ukuphumelela kokuguqulwa okukhulu kweHomai kunye neDeye kuncinci ngaphantsi kwe-98%, kodwa ixesha likaDeye kwi-grid kunye ne-off-grid liyi-4ms kuphela, liphantsi kakhulu kune-10-20ms yoontanga bayo.
Ukuthelekiswa kowona msebenzi uphezulu woguqulo lwee-inverters ezixutyiweyo ezivela kwiinkampani ezahlukeneyo
Umthombo: Iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zenkampani nganye, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Ukuthelekiswa kwexesha lokutshintsha kwee-inverters ezixubileyo zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo (ms)
Umthombo: Iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zenkampani nganye, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Iimveliso eziphambili zabenzi be-inverter basekhaya zijolise ikakhulu kwiimarike ezinkulu ezintathu zaseYurophu, eUnited States nase-Australia. Kwimarike yaseYurophu, iimarike zemveli ze-photovoltaic ezingundoqo ezifana neJamani, i-Austria, iSwitzerland, iSweden, ne-Netherlands ubukhulu becala ziimarike zezigaba ezintathu, ezikhetha iimveliso ezinamandla aphezulu. Abavelisi bemveli abaneenzuzo yiSunshine kunye neGoodwe. I-Ginlang iyakhawuleza ukubamba, ixhomekeke kwinzuzo yexabiso kunye nokuqaliswa kweemveliso zamandla aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-15KW zithandwa ngabasebenzisi. Amazwe akumaZantsi aseYurophu anjenge-Italiya neSpain adinga kakhulu isigaba esinye seemveliso ezinombane ophantsi.Goodwe, Ginlang kunye Shouhangiqhube kakuhle e-Itali kulo nyaka uphelileyo, nganye ibalwa malunga nama-30% emarike. Amazwe aseMpuma Yurophu afana neCzech Republic, ePoland, eRomania, naseLithuania afuna ubukhulu becala imveliso enezigaba ezithathu, kodwa ukwamkelwa kwawo kwexabiso kuphantsi. Ke ngoko, uShouhang uqhube kakuhle kule marike ngenzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi. Kwikota yesibini yalo nyaka, uDeye waqala ukuthumela iimveliso ezintsha ze-15KW eMelika. I-United States ineenkqubo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla kwaye ikhetha iimveliso zamandla aphezulu.
Iimveliso zoguqulo eziguquliweyo zasekhaya ezijolise kwintengiso
Umthombo: Iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zenkampani nganye, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
I-inverter yohlobo lokwahlulahlula ibhetri ithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabafakeli, kodwa i-inverter yebhetri yonke-in-one yindlela yophuhliso lwexesha elizayo. Ii-inverters ezixutyiweyo zokugcinwa kweSolar zohlulwe zibe zii-inverters ezixutyiweyo ezithengiswa ngokwahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokugcina amandla ebhetri (BESS) ezithengisa ii-inverters kunye neebhetri kunye. Okwangoku, kunye nabathengisi abalawula iziteshi, abathengi abathe ngqo bagxininisekile, kwaye iimveliso ezineebhetri ezihlukeneyo kunye ne-inverters zithandwa kakhulu, ngakumbi ngaphandle kweJamani, kuba kulula ukuyifaka kunye nokwandisa, kwaye inokunciphisa iindleko zokuthenga. , ukuba omnye umthengisi akakwazi ukubonelela ngeebhetri okanye ii-inverters, unokufumana umthengisi wesibini, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kuya kuqinisekiswa ngakumbi. Umkhwa eJamani, eUnited States, naseJapan ngoomatshini abasebenzisanayo. Umatshini wokunye unokugcina iingxaki ezininzi emva kokuthengisa, kwaye kukho izinto zokuqinisekisa. Ngokomzekelo, isiqinisekiso senkqubo yomlilo e-United States kufuneka idibaniswe ne-inverter. Umkhwa wangoku wezobuchwepheshe ubhekiselele kumatshini wonke, kodwa ngokubhekiselele kwintengiso yeemarike, uhlobo lokwahlula luyamkelwa ngakumbi ngabafaki.
Uninzi lwabavelisi basekhaya sele beqalisile ukuhambisa oomatshini abadibeneyo bebhetri-inverter. Abavelisi abanjeShohang Xineng, Growatt, kunye neKehuabonke bakhethe le modeli. Ukuthengiswa kwebhetri yokugcina amandla kaShougang Xinneng ngo-2021 kwafikelela kwi-35,100 pcs, ukwanda kwamaxesha angama-25 xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka engama-20; Ukugcinwa kwamandla kaGrwatt ngo-2021 Ukuthengiswa kwebhetri kwakuseti ezingama-53,000, ukonyuka ngokuphindwe kahlanu ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Umgangatho ogqwesileyo wee-inverters zokugcina amandla e-Airo uqhube ukukhula okuqhubekayo kokuthengiswa kwebhetri. Ngo-2021, ukuthunyelwa kwebhetri ye-Airo yayiyi-196.99MWh, kunye nengeniso ye-383 yezigidi zeeyuan, ngaphezulu kwengeniso ephindwe kabini ye-inverters yokugcina amandla. Abathengi banomgangatho ophezulu wokuqatshelwa kwabavelisi be-inverter abenza iibhetri kuba banobudlelwane obuhle bentsebenziswano kunye nabavelisi be-inverter kwaye bathembele kwiimveliso.
I-Shouhang iNqanaba leNgeniso yeBattery yokuGcinwa kwaMandla oMtsha iyenyuka ngokukhawuleza
rce: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ingeniso yebhetri yokugcina amandla ka-Airo iya kwenza i-46% ngo-2021
Umthombo: I-GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, i-Haitong Securities Research Institute
Kwiinkqubo ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC, iisistim zebhetri zombane ophezulu zisebenza kakuhle, kodwa zibiza kakhulu xa kukho ukunqongophala kwebhetri yombane ophezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zebhetri ze-48V, iibhetri eziphezulu zombane zinoluhlu lwe-voltage yokusebenza ye-200-500V DC, ilahleko yentambo ephantsi kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu, kuba iipaneli zelanga zihlala zisebenza kwi-300-600V, efana nombane webhetri, kunye nelahleko ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu. Iziguquli zeDC-DC zingasetyenziswa. Iinkqubo zebhetri zombane ophezulu zinamaxabiso ebhetri aphezulu kunye namaxabiso asezantsi e-inverter kuneenkqubo zombane ophantsi. Okwangoku, iibhetri zombane ophezulu zifunwa kakhulu kwaye zingonelanga, ngoko ke kunzima ukuthenga iibhetri zombane ophezulu. Kwimeko yokunqongophala kwebhetri yombane ophezulu, kuyabiza kakhulu ukusebenzisa iinkqubo zebhetri yombane ophantsi.
Ukudibanisa kwe-DC phakathi koluhlu lwelanga kunye ne-inverter
Umthombo: uphononongo lwamandla acocekileyo, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Ukudityaniswa okuthe ngqo kwe-DC kwii-inverters ezixutyiweyo ezihambelanayo
rce: uphononongo lwamandla acocekileyo, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Ii-inverters ze-Hybrid ezivela kubavelisi abakhulu basekhaya zifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezingaphandle kwegridi kuba ukukhutshwa kwamandla okugcina ngexesha lokuhamba kombane akukhawulelwanga. Ugcino lwamandla onikezelo lwamandla kwezinye iimveliso lungaphantsi kancinci kunoluhlu lwamandla oluqhelekileyo, kodwaugcino lwamandla onikezelo lwamandla emveliso entsha yeGoodwe, Jinlang, Sungrow, kunye neHemai iyafana nexabiso eliqhelekileyo., oko kukuthi, amandla awathinteli ngakumbi xa eqhuba i-grid, ngoko ke abavelisi be-Inverter basekhaya abagcini be-inverters yokugcina amandla bafanelekile kwiinkqubo ze-off-grid.
Ukuthelekiswa kwamandla okugcina amandla ombane weemveliso ze-hybrid inverter ezivela kubavelisi be-inverter basekhaya
Imithombo yedatha: Iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zenkampani nganye, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
I-AC idibene ne-inverter
Iisistim ezidityanisiweyo ze-DC azifanelekanga ukubuyisela kwakhona iisistim ezikhoyo eziqhagamshelwe kwigridi. Indlela yokudibanisa ye-DC ikakhulu inezi ngxaki zilandelayo: Okokuqala, inkqubo esebenzisa i-DC coupling ineengxaki ngocingo oluntsonkothileyo kunye noyilo lwemodyuli olungafunekiyo xa kulungiswa inkqubo ekhoyo eqhagamshelwe kwigridi; okwesibini, ukulibaziseka ekutshintsheni phakathi kwegridi edibeneyo kunye ne-off-grid yinde, enzima kubasebenzisi ukuba bayisebenzise. Amava ombane akaphucukanga; okwesithathu, imisebenzi yokulawula ekrelekrele ayibanzi ngokwaneleyo kwaye impendulo yolawulo ayifikanga ngexesha elifanelekileyo, okwenza kube nzima ukuphumeza izicelo ze-microgrid zonikezelo lwamandla kwindlu yonke. Ke ngoko, ezinye iinkampani zikhethe indlela yetekhnoloji yokudibanisa i-AC, efana neYuneng.
Inkqubo yokudibanisa i-AC yenza ukufakwa kwemveliso kube lula. I-Yuneng iqonda ukuhamba kwamandla amabini ngokudibanisa icala le-AC kunye nenkqubo ye-photovoltaic, ukuphelisa isidingo sokufikelela kwi-photovoltaic ibhasi ye-DC, ukwenza ukufakwa kwemveliso kube lula; iqaphela ukudityaniswa kwe-off-grid ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano yesoftware yolawulo lwexesha langempela kunye nokuphuculwa koyilo lwehardware yokutshintsha kweMilisecond-level; ngolawulo lwemveliso ye-inverter yokugcina amandla kunye noyilo oluhlaziyiweyo oludibeneyo lonikezelo lwamandla kunye nenkqubo yokusabalalisa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-microgrid yonikezelo lwamandla kwindlu yonke phantsi kolawulo lwebhokisi yolawulo oluzenzekelayo luyenzeka.
Ukuphumelela okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC zingaphantsi kancinci kunezo ze-hybrid inverters. I-Jinlong kunye ne-GoodWe ziye zasasaza iimveliso ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC, ezijolise ikakhulu kwimarike yokuguqula izabelo. Ukuphumelela okuphezulu kokuguqulwa kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC yi-94-97%, ephantsi kancinci kune-hybrid inverters. Oku kungenxa yokuba amacandelo kufuneka aguqulelwe kabini ngaphambi kokuba agcinwe kwibhetri emva kokuvelisa umbane, okunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuguqulwa.
Ukuthelekiswa kweemveliso ezidityanisiweyo ze-AC ezivela kubavelisi be-inverter basekhaya
Umthombo: iiwebhusayithi ezisemthethweni zeenkampani ezahlukeneyo, iHaitong Securities Research Institute
Ixesha lokuposa: May-20-2024
