Photovoltaic wongeyeho kubika ingufu, mu magambo make, ni ihuriro ryamashanyarazi yizuba hamwe nububiko bwa batiri. Mugihe amashanyarazi ya fotokoltaque ahujwe nubushobozi bugenda bwiyongera, ingaruka kuri gride y'amashanyarazi iragenda yiyongera, kandi kubika ingufu birahura n amahirwe menshi yo gukura.
Photovoltaics wongeyeho kubika ingufu bifite inyungu nyinshi. Icya mbere, itanga amashanyarazi ahamye kandi yizewe. Igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu ni nka bateri nini ibika ingufu zizuba zirenze. Iyo izuba ridahagije cyangwa icyifuzo cy'amashanyarazi ni kinini, kirashobora gutanga ingufu kugirango amashanyarazi akomeze.
Icya kabiri, Photovoltaics hiyongereyeho kubika ingufu birashobora kandi gutuma ingufu z'izuba zitanga ingufu. Mugutezimbere imikorere, irashobora kwemerera amashanyarazi menshi gukoreshwa ubwayo no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kugura amashanyarazi. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo kubika amashanyarazi birashobora kandi kwitabira isoko rya serivisi zifasha ingufu kugirango bizane inyungu zinyongera. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu zituma amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ahinduka kandi ashobora gukenera ingufu zitandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kandi gukorana n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi kugira ngo igere ku kuzuzanya kw’amasoko menshi y’ingufu no guhuza itangwa n’ibisabwa.
Kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque biratandukanye na gride ihuza amashanyarazi. Bateri zo kubika ingufu hamwe no kwishyuza bateri no gusohora ibikoresho bigomba kongerwaho. Nubwo ikiguzi cyo hejuru kiziyongera kurwego runaka, urwego rwo gusaba ni runini cyane. Hano hepfo turamenyekanisha ibintu bine bikurikira bifotora + byerekana ububiko bushingiye kubikorwa bitandukanye: fotokoltaque yo kubika ingufu za progaramu yo kubika ingufu, fotokoltaque yo kubika ingufu za progaramu ya progaramu ya fotovoltaque, imiyoboro ya fotokolitike ihuza imbaraga zo kubika ingufu hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid. Amashusho.
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Photovoltaic off-grid ingufu zo kubika porogaramu
Photovoltaic off-grid sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za sisitemu irashobora gukora yigenga idashingiye kumashanyarazi. Bakunze gukoreshwa mumisozi ya kure, ahantu hadafite ingufu, ibirwa, sitasiyo y'itumanaho, amatara yo kumuhanda nahandi basaba. Sisitemu igizwe nifoto yerekana amafoto, imashini ifotora imashini ifata imashini, ipaki ya batiri, nuburemere bwamashanyarazi. Ifoto ya Photovoltaque ihindura ingufu zizuba ingufu zamashanyarazi mugihe hari urumuri, igatanga imbaraga mumitwaro ikoresheje imashini igenzura inverter, kandi ikishyuza icyarimwe bateri icyarimwe; iyo nta mucyo, bateri itanga imbaraga mumitwaro ya AC binyuze muri inverter.
Igishushanyo 1 Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi.
Sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi ya gride yashizweho muburyo bwihariye kugirango ikoreshwe mu bice bidafite amashanyarazi cyangwa uduce dufite umuriro w'amashanyarazi kenshi, nk'ibirwa, amato, n'ibindi. "kubika no gukoresha icyarimwe" Cyangwa uburyo bwakazi bwo "kubika mbere hanyuma ukoreshe nyuma" nugutanga ubufasha mugihe gikenewe. Sisitemu yo hanze ya gride ningirakamaro cyane murugo mu bice bidafite amashanyarazi cyangwa uduce dufite umuriro w'amashanyarazi.
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Photovoltaic na off-grid kubika ingufu zikoreshwa
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque zikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa nko guhagarika amashanyarazi kenshi, cyangwa kwifotoza wenyine bidashobora guhuzwa na interineti, ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bikoresha cyane, hamwe n’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi bihenze cyane kuruta ibiciro by’amashanyarazi. .
Igishushanyo 2 Igishushanyo mbonera cya parallel na off-grid sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi
Sisitemu igizwe na Photovoltaque igizwe nibice bigize imirasire y'izuba, izuba hamwe na gride-yose-imwe-imwe, imashini ya batiri, n'umutwaro. Imashini ya Photovoltaque ihindura ingufu zizuba ingufu zamashanyarazi mugihe hari urumuri, kandi igatanga ingufu mumitwaro ikoresheje imashini itanga imirasire y'izuba imashini imwe-imwe, mugihe yishyuza bateri; iyo nta mucyo uhari, bateri itanga ingufu mumashanyarazi agenga izuba-imashini imwe-imwe, hanyuma AC itanga amashanyarazi.
Ugereranije na gride ihujwe na sisitemu yo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, sisitemu yo hanze ya gride yongeramo amafaranga nogusohora ibintu hamwe na bateri. Igiciro cya sisitemu cyiyongera hafi 30% -50%, ariko urwego rwo gusaba ni rugari. Icya mbere, irashobora gushyirwaho kubyara ingufu zagenwe mugihe igiciro cyamashanyarazi kiri hejuru, kugabanya amafaranga yumuriro; icya kabiri, irashobora kwishyurwa mugihe cyibibaya ikarekurwa mugihe cyimpera, ukoresheje itandukaniro ryibiciro byikibaya kugirango ubone amafaranga; icya gatatu, iyo gride yamashanyarazi yananiwe, sisitemu ya Photovoltaque ikomeza gukora nkibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi. , inverter irashobora guhindurwa muburyo bwo gukora butari kuri grid, kandi fotokoltaque na bateri birashobora gutanga ingufu mumitwaro binyuze muri inverter. Ubu ibintu bikoreshwa cyane mubihugu byateye imbere mumahanga.
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Photovoltaic grid-ihuza ingufu zo kubika ingufu zikoreshwa
Imiyoboro ihujwe ningufu zo kubika amashanyarazi yamashanyarazi muri rusange ikora muburyo bwa AC bwo guhuza amashanyarazi + kubika ingufu. Sisitemu irashobora kubika ingufu zirenze urugero no kongera igipimo cyo kwikoresha wenyine. Photovoltaque irashobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza no gufotora kwubutaka, kubika ingufu nubucuruzi bwububiko bwamashanyarazi nibindi bintu. Sisitemu igizwe na Photovoltaque igizwe nibice bigize imirasire y'izuba, inverter ihujwe na gride, ipaki ya batiri, kwishyuza no kugenzura PCS, hamwe numutwaro w'amashanyarazi. Iyo ingufu z'izuba zitarenze imbaraga z'umutwaro, sisitemu ikoreshwa ningufu zizuba hamwe na gride hamwe. Iyo ingufu z'izuba zirenze imbaraga z'umutwaro, igice cy'ingufu z'izuba gitanga ingufu kumuzigo, naho igice kibikwa binyuze mugenzuzi. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mubukemurampaka bwikibaya-mpinga, gucunga ibyifuzo nibindi bintu kugirango byongere inyungu za sisitemu.
Igishushanyo cya 3 Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za gride
Nkikintu kigaragara cyo gukoresha ingufu zisukuye, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za fotovoltaque ihuza ingufu zashimishije cyane isoko ryigihugu ryingufu. Sisitemu ikomatanya ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu hamwe na gride ya AC kugirango igere ku gukoresha neza ingufu zisukuye. Ibyiza byingenzi nibi bikurikira: 1. Kunoza igipimo cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi yumuriro. Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque yibasiwe cyane nikirere n’imiterere y’imiterere, kandi bikunda guhindagurika. Binyuze mu bikoresho bibika ingufu, ingufu zisohora amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi zirashobora koroshya kandi ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’amashanyarazi kuri gride irashobora kugabanuka. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu birashobora gutanga ingufu kuri gride mugihe gito cyumucyo no kunoza imikoreshereze yumuriro w'amashanyarazi. 2. Kongera imbaraga za gride. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque ihuza uburyo bwo kubika ingufu zishobora kumenya igihe nyacyo cyo kugenzura no guhindura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi no kunoza imikorere ya gride. Iyo umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uhindagurika, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu birashobora gusubiza vuba gutanga cyangwa gukuramo imbaraga zirenze kugirango imikorere ya gride ikore neza. 3. Guteza imbere gukoresha ingufu nshya Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryamasoko mashya yingufu nka Photovoltaque nimbaraga zumuyaga, ibibazo byimikoreshereze byagaragaye cyane. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque irashobora kongera ubushobozi bwo kugera no gukoresha urwego rwingufu nshya kandi bikagabanya umuvuduko wamabwiriza agenga amashanyarazi. Binyuze mu kohereza ibikoresho bibika ingufu, umusaruro mwiza w'ingufu nshya urashobora kugerwaho.
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Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid
Nkigikoresho cyingenzi cyo kubika ingufu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ingufu nshya zigihugu cyanjye. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga hamwe no gukwirakwiza ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, uburyo bwo gukoresha sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid bukomeje kwaguka, cyane cyane harimo ibintu bibiri bikurikira:
1. Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu: Gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi bivuga ishyirwaho ry'ibikoresho bito bitanga amashanyarazi hafi y'abakoresha, nk'izuba rikoresha amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, ingufu z'umuyaga, n'ibindi, kandi amashanyarazi arenze abikwa binyuze muri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. kugirango ishobore gukoreshwa mugihe cyingufu zingufu cyangwa Gutanga imbaraga mugihe cyananiranye.
2. Gutanga amashanyarazi ya Microgrid: Mu turere twa kure, ibirwa nahandi hantu bigoye kubona amashanyarazi bigoye, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid irashobora gukoreshwa nkumuriro wamashanyarazi kugirango utange amashanyarazi ahamye mukarere.
Microgrid irashobora gukoresha neza kandi neza ubushobozi bwokwirakwiza ingufu zisukuye binyuze mukuzuzanya kwingufu nyinshi, kugabanya ibintu bitameze nkubushobozi buke, kubyara amashanyarazi adahungabana, no kwizerwa gukabije kwamashanyarazi yigenga, kwemeza imikorere yumuriro wamashanyarazi, kandi ni a ingirakamaro yinyongera kumashanyarazi manini. Porogaramu ya Microgrid irashobora guhinduka cyane, igipimo gishobora kuva ku bihumbi ibihumbi kugeza kuri megawatt icumi, kandi porogaramu ni nini.
Igishushanyo cya 4 Igishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za microgrid
Porogaramu ikoreshwa mububiko bwingufu za Photovoltaque irakungahaye kandi iratandukanye, ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye nka off-grid, grid-ihuza na micro-grid. Mubikorwa bifatika, ibintu bitandukanye bifite inyungu zabyo nibiranga, biha abakoresha ingufu zihamye kandi nziza. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho no kugabanya ibiciro byikoranabuhanga rya Photovoltaque, kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque bizagira uruhare runini muri sisitemu yingufu zizaza. Muri icyo gihe, kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa ibintu bitandukanye bizafasha kandi iterambere ryihuse ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’igihugu cyanjye kandi bigira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imihindagurikire y’ingufu ndetse n’iterambere ry’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-11-2024
