Mitundu ya inverter yosungirako mphamvu
Njira yaukadaulo: Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu: kulumikizana kwa DC ndi kulumikizana kwa AC
Makina osungira a photovoltaic amaphatikizapo mapanelo adzuwa, owongolera,ma inverters a dzuwa, mabatire osungira mphamvu, katundu ndi zipangizo zina. Pali njira ziwiri zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo: kulumikizana kwa DC ndi kulumikizana kwa AC. Kuphatikizika kwa AC kapena DC kumatanthawuza momwe ma solar amalumikizidwa kapena kulumikizidwa ndi malo osungira mphamvu kapena makina a batri. Mtundu wolumikizana pakati pa solar panel ndi batire ukhoza kukhala AC kapena DC. Mabwalo ambiri amagetsi amagwiritsa ntchito DC, solar panels amapanga DC, ndipo mabatire amasunga DC, koma zida zambiri zamagetsi zimagwiritsa ntchito AC.
Hybrid photovoltaic + mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu, ndiko kuti, ndondomeko yeniyeni yopangidwa ndi photovoltaic module imasungidwa mu paketi ya batri kupyolera mwa wolamulira, ndipo gululi lingathenso kulipiritsa batri kupyolera mu bidirectional DC-AC converter. Malo osonkhanitsira mphamvu ali kumapeto kwa batri la DC. Masana, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic poyamba kumapereka katunduyo, ndiyeno kulipiritsa batire kudzera mwa wolamulira wa MPPT. Dongosolo losungiramo mphamvu limalumikizidwa ndi gridi, ndipo mphamvu yochulukirapo imatha kulumikizidwa ku gridi; usiku, batire imatuluka kuti ipereke katunduyo, ndipo gawo losakwanira limaphatikizidwa ndi gridi; pamene gridi yatha mphamvu, magetsi a photovoltaic ndi mabatire a lithiamu amangopereka mphamvu ku katundu wa gridi, ndipo katundu wolumikizidwa ndi grid sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mphamvu yolemetsa imakhala yaikulu kuposa mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic, gridi ndi photovoltaic zimatha kupereka mphamvu ku katundu panthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa mphamvu zamagetsi za photovoltaic ndi mphamvu zolemetsa sizili zokhazikika, zimadalira mabatire kuti athetse mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, dongosololi limathandiziranso ogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa nthawi yolipirira ndi kutulutsa kuti akwaniritse zofuna zamphamvu za wogwiritsa ntchito.
Momwe DC-Coupled System Imagwirira Ntchito
Gwero: mizimu, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Hybrid photovoltaic + mphamvu yosungirako mphamvu
Chitsime: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ma hybrid inverter amaphatikiza magwiridwe antchito akunja kwa gridi kuti apititse patsogolo kuyendetsa bwino. Ma inverter okhala ndi ma gridi amazimitsa okha magetsi ku solar panel yanu panthawi yamagetsi pazifukwa zachitetezo. Ma hybrid inverters, kumbali ina, amalola ogwiritsa ntchito kukhala ndi mphamvu zopanda malire ndi pa gridi panthawi imodzimodzi, kotero mphamvu imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale panthawi yamagetsi. Ma Hybrid inverters amathandizira kuwunikira mphamvu, kulola kuti deta yofunikira monga magwiridwe antchito ndi kupanga mphamvu ziwunikidwe kudzera pagulu la inverter kapena zida zanzeru zolumikizidwa. Ngati makinawo ali ndi ma inverters awiri, ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosiyana. Kulumikizana kwa DC kumachepetsa kutayika kwa AC-DC. Kutha kwa batri kuli pafupifupi 95-99%, pomwe kuphatikiza kwa AC ndi 90%.
Ma Hybrid inverters ndiokwera mtengo, ophatikizika, komanso osavuta kukhazikitsa. Kuyika inverter yatsopano ya hybrid yokhala ndi batire yophatikizana ya DC kungakhale yotsika mtengo kuposa kubwezeretsanso batire yolumikizidwa ndi AC ku dongosolo lomwe lilipo chifukwa chowongolera ndi chotsika mtengo kuposa cholumikizira cholumikizira gridi, chosinthira ndichotsika mtengo kuposa kabati yogawa, ndipo DC- njira yophatikizira imathanso kupangidwa kukhala chowongolera-inverter zonse-mu-chimodzi, kupulumutsa zida zonse ndi ndalama zoyika. Makamaka pamakina ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati amagetsi amagetsi, makina ophatikizana a DC ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Ma Hybrid inverters ndi okhazikika kwambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kuwonjezera zida zatsopano ndi zowongolera. Zina zowonjezera zitha kuwonjezeredwa mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zotsika mtengo za DC. Ndipo ma hybrid inverters adapangidwa kuti aphatikizire zosungirako nthawi iliyonse, kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwonjezera mapaketi a batri. Makina a Hybrid inverter ndi ophatikizika, amagwiritsa ntchito mabatire othamanga kwambiri, ndipo ali ndi kukula kwa zingwe zazing'ono komanso kutayika kochepa.
DC coupling system kasinthidwe
Gwero: Zhongrui Lighting Network, Haitong Securities Research Institute
AC coupling system kasinthidwe
Gwero: Zhongrui Lighting Network, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Komabe, ma hybrid inverters sali oyenera kukweza ma solar omwe alipo, ndipo machitidwe akuluakulu ndi ovuta komanso okwera mtengo kukhazikitsa. Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akufuna kukweza ma solar omwe alipo kuti aphatikizepo kusungirako batire, kusankha chosinthira chosakanizidwa kungayambitse vutoli, ndipo chosinthira batire chingakhale chotsika mtengo chifukwa kusankha kuyika chosinthira chosakanizidwa kumafuna kukonzanso kokwanira komanso kokwera mtengo kwazinthu zonse. solar panel system. Machitidwe akuluakulu ndi ovuta kwambiri kukhazikitsa komanso okwera mtengo kwambiri chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa olamulira okwera kwambiri. Ngati magetsi agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masana, padzakhala kuchepa pang'ono chifukwa cha DC (PV) kupita ku DC (batt) mpaka AC.
Makina ophatikizika a photovoltaic + osungira mphamvu, omwe amadziwikanso kuti AC transformation photovoltaic + energy storage system, amatha kuzindikira kuti mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi gawo la photovoltaic imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya AC kudzera mu inverter yolumikizidwa ndi grid, ndiyeno mphamvu yochulukirapo imasinthidwa. mu mphamvu ya DC ndikusungidwa mu batire kudzera pa AC yophatikizika yosungirako mphamvu inverter. Malo osonkhanitsira mphamvu ali kumapeto kwa AC. Zimaphatikizapo makina opangira magetsi a photovoltaic ndi makina opangira magetsi. Dongosolo la photovoltaic lili ndi gulu la photovoltaic ndi inverter yolumikizidwa ndi gridi, ndipo dongosolo la batri limakhala ndi paketi ya batri ndi inverter ya bidirectional. Machitidwe awiriwa amatha kugwira ntchito pawokha popanda kusokonezana, kapena akhoza kupatulidwa ndi gululi lalikulu lamagetsi kuti apange microgrid system.
Momwe AC-Coupled Systems Amagwirira Ntchito
Gwero: mizimu, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Makina ophatikizika a photovoltaic + osungira mphamvu
Chitsime: GoodWe Solar Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
AC coupling system ndi 100% yogwirizana ndi gridi yamagetsi, yosavuta kukhazikitsa komanso yosavuta kukulitsa. Zigawo zokhazikika zapanyumba zilipo, ndipo makina akuluakulu (2KW mpaka MW) amatha kukulitsidwa mosavuta ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi seti ya jenereta yolumikizidwa ndi gululi (mayunitsi a dizilo, ma turbine amphepo, ndi zina). Ma inverter ambiri a solar pamwamba pa 3kW ali ndi zolowetsa zapawiri za MPPT, kotero kuti zingwe zazitali zamapanelo zitha kukhazikitsidwa mosiyanasiyana komanso mopendekeka. Pa ma voltages apamwamba a DC, kuphatikiza kwa AC ndikosavuta, kocheperako komanso kotsika mtengo kukhazikitsa makina akulu kuposa ma DC ophatikizana omwe amafunikira owongolera ma MPPT angapo.
Kulumikizana kwa AC ndikoyenera kusintha kwadongosolo, ndipo ndikothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito katundu wa AC masana. Makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi gridi omwe alipo amatha kusinthidwa kukhala makina osungira mphamvu ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo. Ikhoza kupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito chitetezo champhamvu chamagetsi pamene gridi yatha mphamvu. Imagwirizana ndi makina a PV olumikizidwa ndi grid kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Machitidwe apamwamba ophatikiza a AC nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina akuluakulu akunja kwa gridi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito ma inverter a solar ophatikizidwa ndi ma inverter amitundu yambiri kapena ma inverter/chaja kuti azitha kuyang'anira mabatire ndi ma gridi / majenereta. Ngakhale ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa komanso zamphamvu, sizothandiza pang'ono (90-94%) polipira mabatire poyerekeza ndi makina olumikizirana a DC (98%). Komabe, machitidwewa ndi opambana kwambiri akamayendetsa katundu wambiri wa AC masana, kufika kupitirira 97%, ndipo machitidwe ena akhoza kukulitsidwa ndi ma inverter angapo a dzuwa kuti apange ma microgrids.
Kulumikizana kwa AC ndikosavuta komanso kokwera mtengo pamakina ang'onoang'ono. Mphamvu yopita mu batri mu AC coupling iyenera kutembenuzidwa kawiri, ndipo pamene wogwiritsa ntchito ayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvuyo, iyenera kutembenuzidwanso, ndikuwonjezera zowonongeka ku dongosolo. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito batri, kulumikizana kwa AC kumatsika mpaka 85-90%. Ma inverters ophatikizana a AC ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri pamakina ang'onoang'ono.
Dongosolo losungiramo magetsi lakunja lanyumba la photovoltaic + lamphamvu nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi ma module a photovoltaic, mabatire a lithiamu, ma inverters osungira mphamvu amagetsi, katundu ndi ma jenereta a dizilo. Dongosololi limatha kuzindikira kuyitanitsa kwachindunji kwa mabatire ndi ma photovoltaics kudzera pakusintha kwa DC-DC, ndipo imatha kuzindikiranso kutembenuka kwa DC-AC kwa bidirectional pakulipiritsa ndi kutulutsa. Masana, kupanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic poyamba kumapereka katundu, ndiyeno kulipiritsa batire; usiku, batire imatuluka kuti ipereke katunduyo, ndipo pamene batire ili yosakwanira, katunduyo amaperekedwa ndi majenereta a dizilo. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi tsiku ndi tsiku m'madera opanda magetsi. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi ma jenereta a dizilo kuti majenereta a dizilo azipereka katundu kapena mabatire opangira. Ma inverters ambiri osungira magetsi opanda grid alibe chiphaso cholumikizira gridi, ndipo ngakhale makinawo ali ndi gridi, sangathe kulumikizidwa ndi gululi.
Ma grid inverter
Gwero: Tsamba lovomerezeka la Growatt, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Off-grid home photovoltaic + energy storage system
Chitsime: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Zochitika zogwiritsidwa ntchito zama inverters osungira mphamvu
Ma inverters osungiramo mphamvu ali ndi ntchito zazikulu zitatu, kuphatikiza kumeta nsonga, magetsi osungira komanso magetsi odziyimira pawokha. Malinga ndi dera, kumeta kwambiri ndikofunikira ku Europe. Kutengera chitsanzo cha Germany, mtengo wamagetsi ku Germany udafika pa 2.3 yuan/kWh mchaka cha 2019, kukhala woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitengo yamagetsi yaku Germany yapitilira kukwera. Mu 2021, mtengo wa magetsi okhala ku Germany wafika ku 34 euro / kWh, pamene photovoltaic / photovoltaic kugawa ndi kusunga LCOE ndi 9.3 / 14.1 euro cents / kWh, yomwe ndi 73% / 59% yotsika kuposa mtengo wamagetsi okhalamo. Mtengo wamagetsi okhalamo ndi wofanana Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kugawa kwa photovoltaic ndi kusungirako ndalama zamagetsi kudzapitiriza kukula. Kugawa kwapakhomo kwa photovoltaic ndi njira zosungirako zingathe kuchepetsa mtengo wa magetsi, kotero ogwiritsa ntchito m'madera omwe ali ndi mitengo yamagetsi yamagetsi amakhala ndi zolimbikitsa zolimba kuti akhazikitse nyumba yosungirako nyumba.
Mitengo yamagetsi okhala m'maiko osiyanasiyana mu 2019
Gwero: Kafukufuku wa EuPD, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Mtengo wamagetsi ku Germany (masenti/kWh)
Gwero: Kafukufuku wa EuPD, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Pamsika wolemera kwambiri, ogwiritsa ntchito amasankha ma hybrid inverters ndi ma AC-coupled battery systems, omwe ndi okwera mtengo komanso osavuta kupanga. Ma charger osinthira mabatire a Off-Gridi okhala ndi ma transistors olemera ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ma inverter osakanizidwa ndi makina ophatikizika a AC amagwiritsa ntchito ma transistors opanda ma transistors. Ma inverter ophatikizika komanso opepuka awa ali ndi ma surges ocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, koma ndiotsika mtengo, otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kupanga.
Kusungirako magetsi kumafunika ndi United States ndi Japan, ndipo magetsi odziyimira pawokha akufunika mwachangu pamsika, kuphatikiza South Africa ndi zigawo zina. Malinga ndi EIA, nthawi yayitali yozimitsa magetsi ku United States mu 2020 idapitilira maola 8, zomwe zidakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi malo okhala anthu aku America, kukalamba kwa ma gridi amagetsi, komanso masoka achilengedwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi a photovoltaic m'nyumba ndi machitidwe osungirako kungachepetse kudalira gridi yamagetsi ndikuwonjezera kudalirika kwa magetsi kumbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito. Makina osungira mphamvu a photovoltaic ku United States ndi aakulu ndipo ali ndi mabatire ambiri chifukwa amafunika kusunga magetsi kuti athane ndi masoka achilengedwe. Kupereka magetsi odziyimira pawokha ndikofunikira kwambiri pamsika. M'mayiko monga South Africa, Pakistan, Lebanon, Philippines, ndi Vietnam, kumene ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ndi yothina, zomangamanga za dziko sizokwanira kuti anthu azigwiritsa ntchito magetsi, choncho ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi makina osungira magetsi a photovoltaic.
Kuzimitsa kwamagetsi ku US pa munthu aliyense (maola)
Gwero: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Mu June 2022, South Africa idayamba gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi la magetsi, pomwe malo ambiri amazimitsidwa kwa maola 6 patsiku.
Chitsime: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ma Hybrid inverters ali ndi malire ngati mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera. Poyerekeza ndi ma inverter odzipatulira a gridi odzipatulira, ma hybrid inverters ali ndi malire, makamaka mawotchi ocheperako kapena kutulutsa mphamvu kwambiri panthawi yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, ma inverter ena osakanizidwa alibe mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera kapena mphamvu zochepa zosunga zobwezeretsera, kotero kuti katundu wocheperako kapena wofunikira monga kuyatsa ndi mabwalo oyambira magetsi amatha kuthandizidwa panthawi yamagetsi, ndipo machitidwe ambiri azikhala ndi kuchedwa kwachiwiri kwa 3-5 panthawi yamagetsi. kuzimitsidwa. Ma inverter a Off-grid amapereka mawotchi okwera kwambiri komanso mphamvu zochulukirapo ndipo amatha kunyamula katundu wambiri. Ngati ogwiritsa ntchito akukonzekera kupatsa mphamvu zida zothamanga kwambiri monga mapampu, ma compressor, makina ochapira, ndi zida zamagetsi, inverter iyenera kunyamula katundu wokwera kwambiri.
Kuyerekeza kwamphamvu kwa Hybrid inverter
Gwero: ndemanga zamphamvu zoyera, Haitong Securities Research Institute
DC yophatikiza ma hybrid inverter
Pakalipano, machitidwe ambiri osungira mphamvu a photovoltaic m'makampani amagwiritsa ntchito DC coupling kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe ophatikizika a photovoltaic ndi kusungirako mphamvu, makamaka mu machitidwe atsopano, kumene ma inverters osakanizidwa ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa ndi otsika mtengo. Powonjezera dongosolo latsopano, kugwiritsa ntchito photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yosungirako hybrid inverter kungachepetse ndalama za zipangizo ndi ndalama zopangira, chifukwa chosinthira chimodzi chikhoza kukwaniritsa kulamulira kophatikizana ndi inverter. Chowongolera ndi chosinthira mu DC coupling system ndi chotsika mtengo kuposa cholumikizira cholumikizira gridi ndi kabati yogawa mu AC coupling system, kotero njira yolumikizirana ya DC ndiyotsika mtengo kuposa njira yolumikizira AC. Mu DC coupling system, chowongolera, batire ndi inverter ndizosawerengeka, kulumikizanako kumakhala kolimba, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake ndi koyipa. Kwa makina omwe angokhazikitsidwa kumene, ma photovoltaics, mabatire, ndi ma inverter amapangidwa molingana ndi mphamvu ya wogwiritsa ntchito komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, motero ndi oyenera kwambiri ma inverter osakanizidwa a DC.
Zopangira ma inverter ophatikizika a DC ndizomwe zimachitika, ndipo opanga zazikulu zapakhomo adazitumiza. Kupatula AP Energy, opanga ma inverter akuluakulu apanyumba atumiza ma inverters osakanizidwa, pakati pawoSineng Electric, GoodWe, ndi Jinlongayikanso ma inverters ophatikizana a AC, ndipo mawonekedwe azinthu atha. Deye's hybrid inverter imathandizira kulumikizana kwa AC pamaziko a kuphatikiza kwa DC, komwe kumapereka mwayi wokhazikitsa zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.Sungrow, Huawei, Sineng Electric, ndi GoodWeatumiza mabatire osungira mphamvu, ndipo kuphatikiza kwa inverter ya batri kungakhale chizolowezi mtsogolo.
Mapangidwe a opanga ma inverter akuluakulu apanyumba
Gwero: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka amakampani osiyanasiyana, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Magawo atatu amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri ndi omwe amawunikira makampani onse, ndipo Deye amayang'ana kwambiri msika wamagetsi otsika. Pakadali pano, zinthu zambiri za hybrid inverter zili mkati mwa 10KW, zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa 6KW nthawi zambiri zimakhala zagawo limodzi lotsika, ndipo 5-10KW nthawi zambiri imakhala yamagetsi atatu. Deye yapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi otsika kwambiri, ndipo zotsika kwambiri za 15KW zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa chaka chino zayamba kugulitsa.
Opanga ma inverter apanyumba a hybrid inverter
Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutembenuka kwa zinthu zatsopano kuchokera kwa opanga ma inverter apanyumba kwafika pafupifupi 98%, ndipo nthawi yosinthira pa gridi ndi off-grid nthawi zambiri imakhala yosakwana 20ms. The pazipita kutembenuka dzuwaa Jinlong, Sungrow, ndi Huaweimankhwala afika 98,4%, ndiGoodWeyafikanso pa 98.2%. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa Homai ndi Deye ndikotsika pang'ono kuposa 98%, koma nthawi ya Deye pa-grid ndi off-grid ndi 4ms yokha, yotsika kwambiri kuposa 10-20ms ya anzawo.
Kuyerekeza kwamphamvu kwambiri kutembenuka kwa ma hybrid inverters ochokera kumakampani osiyanasiyana
Gwero: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka a kampani iliyonse, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Kuyerekeza kwakusintha nthawi ya ma hybrid inverters amakampani osiyanasiyana (ms)
Gwero: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka a kampani iliyonse, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Zogulitsa zazikulu za opanga ma inverter apanyumba nthawi zambiri zimayang'ana pamisika itatu yayikulu ku Europe, United States, ndi Australia. Msika waku Europe, misika yayikulu yamtundu wa photovoltaic monga Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, ndi Netherlands ndi misika yamagulu atatu, yomwe imakonda zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri. Opanga azikhalidwe omwe ali ndi zabwino ndi Dzuwa ndi Goodwe. Ginlang akuthamanga kuti agwire, kudalira Ubwino wamtengo wapatali komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa zinthu zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa 15KW zimakondedwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Mayiko akumwera kwa Europe monga Italy ndi Spain amafunikira kwambiri zinthu zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri.Goodwe, Ginlang ndi Shouhangidachita bwino ku Italy chaka chatha, chilichonse chimawerengera pafupifupi 30% yamsika. Mayiko a Kum’mawa kwa Ulaya monga Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, ndi Lithuania makamaka amafuna zinthu za magawo atatu, koma kuvomereza kwawo n’kotsika. Chifukwa chake, Shouhang adachita bwino pamsika uno ndi mtengo wake wotsika mtengo. M'gawo lachiwiri la chaka chino, Deye adayamba kutumiza zinthu zatsopano za 15KW ku United States. United States ili ndi makina akuluakulu osungira mphamvu ndipo imakonda zinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba.
Opanga ma inverter apanyumba opanga ma hybrid inverter amayang'ana msika
Gwero: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka a kampani iliyonse, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Mtundu wogawikana wa batire wogawanika ndiwotchuka kwambiri pakati pa oyika, koma inverter ya batire yamtundu umodzi ndiyomwe ikukula m'tsogolo. Ma inverters osakanizidwa a solar-storage amagawidwa kukhala ma hybrid inverters omwe amagulitsidwa padera ndi makina osungira mphamvu ya batri (BESS) omwe amagulitsa ma inverters ndi mabatire palimodzi. Pakalipano, ndi ogulitsa omwe akuwongolera mayendedwe, makasitomala achindunji amakhala okhazikika, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mabatire osiyana ndi ma inverter ndi otchuka kwambiri, makamaka kunja kwa Germany, chifukwa ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa ndikukulitsa, ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira. , ngati wothandizira m'modzi sangathe kupereka mabatire kapena ma inverters, mungapeze wothandizira wachiwiri, ndipo kubweretsako kudzakhala kotsimikizika. Zomwe zikuchitika ku Germany, United States, ndi Japan ndi makina amtundu umodzi. Makina amtundu umodzi amatha kupulumutsa zovuta zambiri zogulitsa pambuyo pake, ndipo pali zinthu zotsimikizira. Mwachitsanzo, certification yamoto ku United States iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi inverter. Zomwe zamakono zamakono zimapangidwira makina onse, koma ponena za malonda a msika, mtundu wogawanika umavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi oyika.
Opanga ambiri apakhomo ayamba kuyika makina ophatikizika a batri-inverter. Opanga mongaShohang Xineng, Growatt, ndi Kehuaonse asankha chitsanzo ichi. Kugulitsa kwa mabatire a Shougang Xinneng mu 2021 kudafika ma PC 35,100, kuchuluka kwa 25 poyerekeza ndi zaka 20; Kusungirako mphamvu kwa Growatt mu 2021 Kugulitsa kwa Battery kunali ma seti 53,000, kuwonjezeka kasanu kuchokera zaka 20 zapitazo. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a ma inverters osungira mphamvu a Airo ayendetsa kukula kwa malonda a batri. Mu 2021, mabatire a Airo anali 196.99MWh, ndi ndalama zokwana 383 miliyoni za yuan, kuchulukitsa kuwirikiza kawiri ndalama zama inverters osungira mphamvu. Makasitomala ali ndi kuzindikira kwakukulu kwa opanga ma inverter omwe amapanga mabatire chifukwa ali ndi ubale wabwino wogwirizana ndi opanga ma inverter ndipo amakhulupirira zinthuzo.
Kuchuluka kwa Battery Yosungirako Mphamvu Yatsopano ya Shouhang Kukula Mofulumira
rce: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ndalama za batri yosungiramo mphamvu ya Airo zidzakhala 46% mu 2021
Chitsime: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
M'makina ophatikizika a DC, ma batire okwera kwambiri amakhala okwera kwambiri, koma okwera mtengo kwambiri ngati batire ikusowa kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi makina a batire a 48V, mabatire okwera kwambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 200-500V DC, kutayika kwa zingwe zotsika komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri, chifukwa mapanelo adzuwa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito pa 300-600V, ofanana ndi mphamvu ya batire, komanso kutayika kochepa kwambiri komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri. Zosintha za DC-DC zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma batire apamwamba kwambiri amakhala ndi mitengo ya batri yapamwamba komanso mitengo yotsika ya inverter kuposa makina otsika kwambiri. Pakalipano, mabatire okwera kwambiri akufunika kwambiri komanso osakwanira, kotero mabatire okwera kwambiri ndi ovuta kugula. Pakakhala kuchepa kwa batire yayikulu, ndizotsika mtengo kugwiritsa ntchito makina otsika a batire.
Kulumikizana kwa DC pakati pa solar array ndi inverter
Gwero: ndemanga zamphamvu zoyera, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Direct DC yolumikizana ndi ma hybrid inverters ogwirizana
rce: ndemanga zamphamvu zoyera, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Ma Hybrid inverters ochokera kwa opanga zazikulu zapakhomo ndi oyenera kumakina opanda gridi chifukwa mphamvu zawo zosunga zobwezeretsera panthawi yamagetsi sizimachepa. Mphamvu yosunga zosunga zobwezeretsera yazinthu zina ndi yotsika pang'ono kuposa yanthawi zonse, komamphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera zamagetsi zatsopano za Goodwe, Jinlang, Sungrow, ndi Hemai ndizofanana ndi mtengo wamba., ndiye kuti, mphamvuyo sikhala yocheperako kwambiri ikatha pa gridi, kotero opanga ma Inverter opangira magetsi osungira magetsi ndi oyenera kumayendedwe akunja.
Kuyerekeza kwa mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera zamagetsi zama hybrid inverter zopangidwa kuchokera kwa opanga ma inverter apanyumba
Magwero azidziwitso: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka a kampani iliyonse, Haitong Securities Research Institute
AC kuphatikiza inverter
Makina ophatikizika a DC sali oyenera kukonzanso makina olumikizidwa ndi grid. Njira yolumikizirana ya DC makamaka imakhala ndi mavuto otsatirawa: Choyamba, makina ogwiritsira ntchito DC coupling ali ndi vuto ndi mawaya ovuta komanso kapangidwe ka module kakang'ono posintha makina olumikizidwa ndi grid; chachiwiri, kuchedwa kusinthana pakati pa grid-yolumikizidwa ndi off-grid ndi yaitali, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndiyosauka; chachitatu, ntchito kulamulira wanzeru si mokwanira mokwanira ndi kuyankha kulamulira si nthawi yake yokwanira, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kugwiritsa ntchito microgrid ntchito mphamvu zonse nyumba. Chifukwa chake, makampani ena asankha njira yaukadaulo yolumikizira AC, monga Yuneng.
AC coupling system imapangitsa kukhazikitsa kwazinthu kukhala kosavuta. Yuneng amazindikira njira ziwiri zoyendetsera mphamvu mwa kugwirizanitsa mbali ya AC ndi dongosolo la photovoltaic, kuchotsa kufunikira kofikira ku photovoltaic DC basi, kupanga kuyika mankhwala mosavuta; imazindikira kuphatikizika kwa gridi yakunja kudzera mukuphatikizika kwa nthawi yeniyeni yoyang'anira mapulogalamu ndi kukonza mapangidwe a hardware kusintha kwa Millisecond-level; kudzera mu ulamuliro linanena bungwe la inverter yosungiramo mphamvu ndi nzeru ophatikizana kamangidwe ka magetsi ndi dongosolo kugawa, ndi microgrid ntchito mphamvu nyumba lonse pansi pa ulamuliro wa basi ulamuliro bokosi anazindikira.
Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutembenuka kwa zinthu zophatikizidwa ndi AC ndikotsika pang'ono kuposa ma inverters osakanizidwa. Jinlong ndi GoodWe atumizanso zinthu zophatikizidwa ndi AC, makamaka zomwe zimayang'ana msika wosintha masheya. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa kutembenuka kwazinthu zophatikizana ndi AC ndi 94-97%, zomwe ndizotsika pang'ono kuposa za ma hybrid inverters. Izi makamaka chifukwa zigawo zikuluzikulu ziyenera kutembenuzidwa ziwiri zisanayambe kusungidwa mu batri pambuyo popanga magetsi, zomwe zimachepetsa kutembenuka kwachangu.
Kuyerekeza kwazinthu zophatikizidwa ndi AC kuchokera kwa opanga ma inverter apanyumba
Gwero: Mawebusayiti ovomerezeka amakampani osiyanasiyana, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Nthawi yotumiza: May-20-2024
