Nau'in inverter ajiyar makamashi
Hanyar fasaha: Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: haɗin gwiwar DC da haɗin haɗin AC
Tsarin ajiya na hotovoltaic ya haɗa da bangarorin hasken rana, masu sarrafawa,masu canza hasken rana, batirin ajiyar makamashi, lodi da sauran kayan aiki. Akwai manyan hanyoyin fasaha guda biyu: haɗin gwiwar DC da haɗin haɗin AC. AC ko DC coupling yana nufin yadda ake haɗa hasken rana ko haɗawa da ajiyar makamashi ko tsarin baturi. Nau'in haɗin kai tsakanin hasken rana da baturi na iya zama AC ko DC. Yawancin na'urorin lantarki suna amfani da DC, hasken rana yana haifar da DC, kuma batura suna adana DC, amma yawancin kayan lantarki suna aiki akan AC.
Hybrid photovoltaic + tsarin ajiyar makamashi, wato, halin yanzu kai tsaye da samfurin photovoltaic ya samar ana adana shi a cikin fakitin baturi ta hanyar mai sarrafawa, kuma grid na iya cajin baturi ta hanyar mai sauya DC-AC na bidirectional. Wurin tara makamashi yana a ƙarshen baturin DC. A cikin rana, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic na farko yana ba da kaya, sannan kuma yana cajin baturi ta hanyar mai sarrafa MPPT. An haɗa tsarin ajiyar makamashi zuwa grid, kuma za a iya haɗa wutar lantarki da yawa zuwa grid; da dare, baturi yana fitarwa don samar da kaya, kuma ɓangaren da bai isa ya cika shi da grid; lokacin da grid ya fita daga wuta, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da baturan lithium kawai suna ba da wutar lantarki zuwa nauyin kashe-grid, kuma ba za a iya amfani da nauyin da aka haɗa da grid ba. Lokacin da wutar lantarki ta fi girma fiye da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic, grid da photovoltaic na iya ba da wutar lantarki zuwa kaya a lokaci guda. Saboda samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da amfani da wutar lantarki ba su da kwanciyar hankali, sun dogara da batura don daidaita tsarin makamashi. Bugu da kari, tsarin yana tallafawa masu amfani don saita lokacin caji da caji don biyan bukatun mai amfani.
Yadda Tsarin Haɗaɗɗen DC Ke Aiki
Tushen: ruhun ruhu, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Hybrid photovoltaic + tsarin ajiyar makamashi
Source: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Matakan inverter yana haɗa ayyukan kashe-grid don inganta aikin caji. Masu juyawa masu ɗaure da grid suna rufe wuta ta atomatik zuwa tsarin hasken rana yayin katsewar wutar lantarki saboda dalilai na aminci. Hybrid inverters, a gefe guda, suna ba masu amfani damar samun damar kashe-gid da kan-grid a lokaci guda, don haka ana iya amfani da wutar lantarki ko da lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki. Haɓaka inverters suna sauƙaƙe saka idanu akan kuzari, suna barin mahimman bayanai kamar aiki da samar da makamashi don bincika ta hanyar inverter panel ko haɗin na'urori masu wayo. Idan tsarin yana da inverters guda biyu, dole ne a kula da su daban. Haɗin kai na DC yana rage asarar canjin AC-DC. Canjin cajin baturi shine kusan 95-99%, yayin da haɗin AC shine 90%.
Haɓaka inverters suna da tattalin arziƙi, ƙanƙanta, da sauƙin shigarwa. Shigar da sabon injin inverter tare da baturin da aka haɗa da DC na iya zama mai rahusa fiye da sake fasalin baturin AC zuwa tsarin data kasance saboda mai sarrafawa yana da rahusa fiye da inverter mai ɗaure grid, canjin yana da rahusa fiye da majalisar rarraba, kuma DC- Hakanan za'a iya yin bayani guda biyu zuwa mai sarrafawa-inverter duk-in-daya, adana kayan aiki da farashin shigarwa. Musamman ga ƙananan da matsakaitan wutar lantarki kashe-grid tsarin, DC-haɗe-haɗe tsarin suna da tsada-tasiri. Matakan juye-juye na zamani ne sosai, kuma yana da sauƙi don ƙara sabbin abubuwa da masu sarrafawa. Ana iya ƙara ƙarin abubuwan da aka haɗa cikin sauƙi ta amfani da ƙananan masu sarrafa hasken rana na DC. Kuma an ƙera injin inverters don haɗa ma'ajiyar ajiya a kowane lokaci, yana sauƙaƙa ƙara fakitin baturi. Tsarin inverter masu haɗaɗɗiyar ƙanƙara ne, suna amfani da batura masu ƙarfi, kuma suna da ƙananan girman kebul da ƙananan asara.
Tsarin tsarin haɗin kai na DC
Tushen: Cibiyar Sadarwar Haske ta Zhongrui, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Tsarin tsarin haɗin gwiwar AC
Tushen: Cibiyar Sadarwar Haske ta Zhongrui, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Duk da haka, matasan inverters ba su dace da haɓaka tsarin hasken rana ba, kuma manyan tsarin sun fi rikitarwa da tsada don shigarwa. Idan mai amfani yana son haɓaka tsarin hasken rana da yake akwai don haɗawa da ajiyar baturi, zabar injin inverter na iya dagula lamarin, kuma mai jujjuya baturi na iya zama mafi tsada-tasiri saboda zabar shigar da injin inverter yana buƙatar cikakken aiki mai tsada da tsadar gaske na gaba ɗaya. tsarin hasken rana. Manyan tsarin sun fi rikitarwa don shigarwa kuma sun fi tsada saboda buƙatar ƙarin masu sarrafa wutar lantarki. Idan aka fi amfani da wutar lantarki da rana, za a sami raguwar ƙarfin aiki kaɗan saboda DC (PV) zuwa DC (batt) zuwa AC.
Haɗaɗɗen tsarin ajiya na hotovoltaic + makamashi, wanda kuma aka sani da tsarin canza yanayin hotovoltaic + tsarin adana makamashi, na iya gane cewa ikon DC ɗin da aka samar ta hanyar ƙirar hoto yana canzawa zuwa wutar AC ta hanyar inverter mai haɗin grid, sannan kuma ikon da ya wuce ya canza. cikin wutar DC kuma an adana shi a cikin baturi ta hanyar inverter na ma'ajin wutar lantarki. Wurin tara makamashi yana a ƙarshen AC. Ya haɗa da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Tsarin photovoltaic yana ƙunshe da tsararrun hoto da kuma inverter mai haɗin grid, kuma tsarin baturi ya ƙunshi fakitin baturi da mai juyawa bidirectional. Tsarukan biyu na iya aiki da kansu ba tare da tsoma baki tare da juna ba, ko za a iya raba su da babban grid na wutar lantarki don samar da tsarin microgrid.
Yadda AC-Coupled Systems Aiki
Tushen: ruhun ruhu, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Haɗin gidan photovoltaic + tsarin ajiyar makamashi
Source: GoodWe Solar Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Tsarin haɗin AC yana dacewa 100% tare da grid na wutar lantarki, mai sauƙin shigarwa da sauƙi don fadadawa. Ana samun daidaitattun abubuwan shigarwa na gida, har ma da ingantattun tsarin (2KW zuwa MW matakin) ana iya faɗaɗa cikin sauƙi kuma ana iya haɗa su tare da haɗin grid da saitin janareta na tsaye (raka'o'in dizal, injin injin iska, da sauransu). Yawancin inverters na hasken rana sama da 3kW suna da abubuwan shigar MPPT guda biyu, don haka za a iya shigar da dogayen igiyoyi na bangarori daban-daban da kusurwoyi daban-daban. A mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, haɗin AC yana da sauƙi, ƙasa da ƙima don haka ƙasa da tsada don shigar da manyan tsarin fiye da tsarin haɗaɗɗiyar DC waɗanda ke buƙatar masu kula da cajin MPPT da yawa.
Haɗin haɗin AC ya dace da canjin tsarin, kuma yana da inganci don amfani da lodin AC yayin rana. Tsarukan PV masu haɗin grid na yanzu ana iya canzawa zuwa tsarin ajiyar makamashi tare da ƙarancin saka hannun jari. Zai iya ba masu amfani amintaccen kariyar wuta lokacin da grid ɗin ya ƙare. Ya dace da tsarin PV mai haɗin grid daga masana'antun daban-daban. Ana amfani da na'urori masu haɗin kai na AC na ci gaba don manyan tsarin kashe-grid kuma suna amfani da kirtani na inverters na hasken rana haɗe tare da inverter na zamani masu yawa ko inverter / caja don sarrafa batura da grid / janareta. Ko da yake yana da sauƙin saitawa da ƙarfi, ba su da ƙarfi kaɗan (90-94%) lokacin cajin batura idan aka kwatanta da tsarin haɗin gwiwar DC (98%). Duk da haka, waɗannan tsarin sun fi dacewa lokacin da suke kunna manyan lodin AC yayin rana, suna kaiwa sama da 97%, kuma ana iya faɗaɗa wasu tsarin tare da inverters masu yawa don samar da microgrids.
Haɗin AC ba shi da inganci kuma ya fi tsada ga ƙananan tsarin. Ƙarfin da ke shiga baturi a haɗin haɗin AC dole ne a canza shi sau biyu, kuma lokacin da mai amfani ya fara amfani da wannan makamashin, dole ne a sake canza shi, yana ƙara ƙarin hasara ga tsarin. Don haka, lokacin amfani da tsarin baturi, ƙarfin haɗin AC yana raguwa zuwa 85-90%. AC haɗe-haɗe inverters sun fi tsada ga ƙananan tsarin.
Tsarin kashe-grid na gidan hotovoltaic + tsarin ajiyar makamashi gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi na'urori na hotovoltaic, batir lithium, masu jujjuyawar ajiyar makamashi na kashe-grid, lodi da janareta na diesel. Tsarin zai iya gane cajin baturi kai tsaye ta hanyar photovoltaics ta hanyar juyawa DC-DC, kuma yana iya gane jujjuyawar DC-AC na bidirectional don cajin baturi da caji. A cikin rana, samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic na farko yana ba da kaya, sa'an nan kuma cajin baturi; da daddare, baturin yana fitowa don samar da kaya, kuma idan baturin bai isa ba, injinan diesel ne ke kawo nauyin. Yana iya biyan buƙatun wutar lantarki na yau da kullun a wuraren da babu wutar lantarki. Ana iya haɗa shi da injinan dizal don baiwa injinan diesel damar samar da lodi ko cajin batura. Yawancin ma'ajin wutar lantarki na kashe wutar lantarki ba su da takardar shaidar haɗin grid, kuma ko da tsarin yana da grid, ba za a iya haɗa shi da grid ba.
Kashe grid inverter
Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na Growatt, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Kashe-grid na gida photovoltaic + tsarin ajiyar makamashi
Source: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Abubuwan da suka dace don masu jujjuyawar ajiyar makamashi
Masu jujjuyawar ajiyar makamashi suna da manyan ayyuka guda uku, gami da aski kololuwa, ajiyar wutar lantarki da samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta. Ta fuskar yanki, aski kololuwa bukatu ne a Turai. Daukar da Jamus a matsayin misali, farashin wutar lantarki a Jamus ya kai yuan 2.3/kWh a shekarar 2019, wanda ke matsayi na daya a duniya. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, farashin wutar lantarki na Jamus ya ci gaba da hauhawa. A cikin 2021, farashin wutar lantarki na mazaunin Jamus ya kai cents 34 / kWh, yayin da hotovoltaic / photovoltaic rarrabawa da adanawa LCOE kawai cents 9.3 / 14.1 Yuro / kWh, wanda shine 73%/59% ƙasa da farashin wutar lantarki na mazaunin. Farashin wutar lantarki na zama daidai yake da Bambance-bambancen tsakanin rarraba hoto da farashin wutar lantarki na ajiya zai ci gaba da fadada. Rarraba hotuna na gida da tsarin ajiya na iya rage farashin wutar lantarki, don haka masu amfani a wuraren da farashin wutar lantarki ke da ƙarfi suna da ƙarfi don shigar da ajiyar gida.
Farashin wutar lantarki na zama a ƙasashe daban-daban a cikin 2019
Tushen: Binciken EuPD, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Matsayin farashin wutar lantarki a Jamus (cents/kWh)
Tushen: Binciken EuPD, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
A cikin kasuwar kaya kololuwa, masu amfani suna zabar matasan inverter da tsarin baturi mai hade-hade da AC, wadanda suka fi inganci da saukin samarwa. Caja inverter batir mai kashe wuta tare da manyan tasfoma sun fi tsada, kuma injinan inverters da tsarin baturi mai haɗa AC suna amfani da inverter marasa canji tare da canza transistor. Waɗannan ƙaƙƙarfan inverter masu nauyi da ƙananan nauyi suna da ƙananan haɓaka da ƙimar fitarwar wutar lantarki, amma sun fi inganci, mai rahusa da sauƙin ƙira.
Ana buƙatar samar da wutar lantarki ta Amurka da Japan, kuma samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta yana cikin buƙatar kasuwa cikin gaggawa, gami da Afirka ta Kudu da sauran yankuna. A cewar EIA, matsakaicin lokacin katsewar wutar lantarki a Amurka a cikin 2020 ya zarce sa'o'i 8, wanda galibi ya shafi tarwatsa mazaunin mazauna Amurkawa, tsufa na wasu hanyoyin wutar lantarki, da bala'o'i. Aikace-aikace na rarraba photovoltaic na gida da tsarin ajiya na iya rage dogara ga grid na wutar lantarki kuma ƙara yawan amincin wutar lantarki a gefen mai amfani. Tsarin ajiyar makamashi na hotovoltaic a Amurka ya fi girma kuma yana sanye da ƙarin batura saboda yana buƙatar adana wutar lantarki don magance bala'o'i. Samar da wutar lantarki mai zaman kanta shine buƙatar kasuwa na gaggawa. A kasashe irin su Afirka ta Kudu, Pakistan, Lebanon, Philippines, da Vietnam, inda tsarin samar da kayayyaki a duniya ya yi tsauri, abubuwan more rayuwa na kasa ba su isa su tallafa wa jama'a da wutar lantarki ba, don haka masu amfani da su dole ne a sanye su da tsarin adana makamashi na photovoltaic na gida.
Tsawon ƙarewar wutar lantarki na Amurka ga kowane mutum (awanni)
Source: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
A watan Yunin 2022, Afirka ta Kudu ta fara rabon wutar lantarki a mataki na shida, inda wurare da dama ke fuskantar katsewar wutar lantarki na sa'o'i 6 a rana.
Source: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Matakan inverters suna da wasu iyakoki azaman madadin iko. Idan aka kwatanta da keɓantattun masu sauya batir na kashe-grid, mahaɗan inverter suna da wasu iyakoki, galibi ƙayyadaddun haɓakawa ko mafi girman ƙarfin wutar lantarki yayin katsewar wutar lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, wasu inverters matasan ba su da ikon ajiyar ajiya ko iyakacin ƙarfin ajiyar kuɗi, don haka ƙananan ko mahimmancin kaya irin su hasken wuta da na'urorin wutar lantarki na asali za a iya tallafawa yayin da wutar lantarki ta ƙare, kuma yawancin tsarin za su sami jinkiri na 3-5 na biyu yayin wutar lantarki. fita. Kashe-grid inverters suna ba da haɓaka mai girma sosai da fitarwar wutar lantarki kuma suna iya ɗaukar manyan lodin inductive. Idan masu amfani suna shirin yin wutar lantarki da kayan aiki masu ƙarfi kamar famfo, damfara, injin wanki, da kayan aikin wuta, mai inverter dole ne ya iya ɗaukar manyan lodin ƙarar ƙararrawa.
Kwatancen wutar lantarki mai inverter
Tushen: nazarin makamashi mai tsafta, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
DC guda biyu hybrid inverter
A halin yanzu, yawancin tsarin ajiyar wutar lantarki na photovoltaic a cikin masana'antu suna amfani da haɗin gwiwar DC don cimma haɗin haɗin gwiwar hoto da kuma tsarin ajiyar makamashi, musamman ma a cikin sababbin tsarin, inda matasan inverters suna da sauƙi don shigarwa da ƙananan farashi. Lokacin ƙara sabon tsarin, ta yin amfani da na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto da makamashin lantarki na iya rage farashin kayan aiki da farashin shigarwa, saboda ɗayan inverter zai iya samun ikon sarrafawa da inverter. Mai sarrafawa da sauyawa mai sauyawa a cikin tsarin haɗin kai na DC sun fi rahusa fiye da inverter mai haɗin grid da kuma rarraba majalisa a cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar AC, don haka maganin haɗin gwiwar DC ya fi rahusa fiye da maganin haɗin gwiwar AC. A cikin tsarin haɗin kai na DC, mai sarrafawa, baturi da inverter suna serial, haɗin yana da ɗan ƙaranci, kuma sassauci ba shi da kyau. Don sabon tsarin da aka shigar, ana tsara hotuna, batura, da inverters bisa ga ƙarfin lodin mai amfani da ƙarfin amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka sun fi dacewa da na'urorin inverters masu haɗaka da DC.
Kayayyakin inverter masu haɗakar da DC guda biyu sune yanayin al'ada, kuma manyan masana'antun cikin gida sun tura su. Ban da AP Energy, manyan masana'antun inverter na cikin gida sun tura injin inverter, daga cikinsuSineng Electric, GoodWe, da Jinlongsun kuma aika da inverters masu haɗakar AC, kuma samfurin samfurin ya cika. Deye's hybrid inverter yana goyan bayan haɗin AC bisa tushen haɗakarwar DC, wanda ke ba da sauƙin shigarwa don buƙatun canjin hannun jari na masu amfani.Sungrow, Huawei, Sineng Electric, da kuma GoodWesun ƙaddamar da batura na ajiyar makamashi, kuma haɗin inverter na baturi na iya zama wani yanayi a nan gaba.
Layout na manyan masana'antun inverter na gida
Tushen: Shafukan yanar gizon hukuma na kamfanoni daban-daban, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Kayayyakin babban ƙarfin lantarki na matakai uku sune fifikon duk kamfanoni, kuma Deye yana mai da hankali kan kasuwar samfuran ƙarancin wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu, yawancin samfuran inverter na matasan suna cikin 10KW, samfuran da ke ƙasa da 6KW galibi samfuran ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki ne na lokaci-lokaci, kuma samfuran 5-10KW galibi samfuran masu ƙarfin lantarki ne na matakai uku. Deye ya haɓaka nau'ikan samfuran ƙarancin wutar lantarki masu ƙarfi, kuma samfurin 15KW mai ƙarancin ƙarfi da aka ƙaddamar a wannan shekara ya fara siyarwa.
Masu kera inverter na cikin gida kayan aikin inverter
Matsakaicin ingantaccen juzu'i na sabbin samfura daga masana'antun inverter na cikin gida ya kai kusan 98%, kuma lokacin sauyawa akan-grid da kashe-grid gabaɗaya bai wuce 20ms ba. Matsakaicin ingancin juzu'ina Jinlong, Sungrow, da Huaweikayayyakin sun kai 98.4%, kumaMun godeya kuma kai kashi 98.2%. Matsakaicin ingancin juzu'i na Homai da Deye ya ɗan yi ƙasa da kashi 98%, amma Deye's on-grid da kashe-grid lokacin sauyawa shine kawai 4ms, ƙasa da 10-20ms na takwarorinsa.
Kwatanta iyakar iyawar juzu'in jujjuyawar matasan daga kamfanoni daban-daban
Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kowane kamfani, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Kwatanta lokacin sauyawa na matasan inverters na kamfanoni daban-daban (ms)
Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kowane kamfani, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Babban samfuran masana'antun inverter na cikin gida galibi ana yin su ne a manyan kasuwanni uku na Turai, Amurka, da Ostiraliya. A cikin kasuwannin Turai, kasuwanni masu mahimmanci na hoto na al'ada irin su Jamus, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, da Netherlands sune mafi yawan kasuwannin kashi uku, waɗanda suka fi son samfurori tare da babban iko. Masana'antun gargajiya tare da fa'ida sune Sunshine da Goodwe. Ginlang yana haɓaka don kamawa, yana dogaro da fa'idar farashin da ƙaddamar da samfuran manyan ƙarfi sama da 15KW masu amfani suna fifita su. Ƙasashen Kudancin Turai irin su Italiya da Spain galibi suna buƙatar samfuran ƙarancin wutan lantarki na lokaci ɗaya.Goodwe, Ginlang da Shouhangya yi kyau a Italiya a bara, kowannensu ya kai kusan kashi 30% na kasuwa. Kasashen Gabashin Turai irin su Jamhuriyar Czech, Poland, Romania, da Lithuania galibi suna buƙatar samfuran matakai uku, amma karɓuwar farashinsu ya ragu. Saboda haka, Shouhang ya yi kyau a wannan kasuwa tare da ƙarancin fa'idarsa. A cikin kwata na biyu na wannan shekara, Deye ya fara jigilar sabbin kayayyaki 15KW zuwa Amurka. {Asar Amirka na da tsarin ajiyar makamashi mafi girma kuma ta fi son samfurori mafi girma.
Samfuran inverter na cikin gida na masana'antun inverter suna kaiwa kasuwa hari
Tushen: Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kowane kamfani, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Mai juyawa nau'in baturi mai tsaga ya fi shahara tsakanin masu sakawa, amma mai jujjuyawar baturi duk-in-daya shine yanayin ci gaban gaba. An kasu kashi-kashi-majiye matasan inverters zuwa hybrid inverters da aka sayar daban da kuma tsarin adana makamashin baturi (BESS) masu sayar da inverters da batura tare. A halin yanzu, tare da dillalai masu sarrafa tashoshi, abokan ciniki kai tsaye suna da hankali sosai, kuma samfuran da ke da batura daban-daban da inverter sun fi shahara musamman a wajen Jamus, saboda suna da sauƙin shigarwa da faɗaɗawa, kuma suna iya rage farashin saye. , idan daya mai kaya ba zai iya samar da batura ko inverters, za ka iya nemo mai na biyu maroki, da kuma bayarwa za a fi garanti. Halin da ake ciki a Jamus, Amurka, da Japan shine injuna-in-daya. Injin duk-in-daya na iya adana matsaloli masu yawa bayan-tallace-tallace, kuma akwai abubuwan takaddun shaida. Misali, takardar shedar tsarin wuta a Amurka yana buƙatar haɗawa da inverter. Yanayin fasaha na yanzu yana zuwa ga injunan gabaɗaya, amma dangane da tallace-tallacen kasuwa, nau'in tsaga ya fi karɓuwa ta hanyar masu sakawa.
Yawancin masana'antun cikin gida sun fara tura injunan haɗa batir-inverter. Masu kera irin suShohang Xinneng, Growatt, da Kehuaduk sun zaɓi wannan samfurin. Siyar da batirin makamashin Shougang Xinneng a shekarar 2021 ya kai pcs 35,100, wanda ya karu da sau 25 idan aka kwatanta da shekaru 20; Ma'ajiyar makamashi ta Growatt a cikin 2021 tallace-tallacen baturi ya kasance saiti 53,000, karuwar ninki biyar daga shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Kyawawan ingantattun inverter na ajiyar makamashi na Airo ya haifar da ci gaba da ci gaban siyar da batir. A shekarar 2021, jigilar batirin Airo ya kai megawatt 196.99, tare da kudaden shiga na yuan miliyan 383, wanda ya ninka yawan kudaden shigar da ake samu na na'urorin adana makamashi. Abokan ciniki suna da babban darajar sanin masana'antun inverter waɗanda ke yin batura saboda suna da kyakkyawar alaƙar haɗin gwiwa tare da masana'antun inverter kuma suna da aminci ga samfuran.
Shouhang Sabon Ma'ajiyar Makamashi Adadin Kuɗi na Batir yana ƙaruwa da sauri
rce: EIA, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Kudin ajiyar batirin makamashi na Airo zai kai kashi 46% a cikin 2021
Source: GoodWe Photovoltaic Community, Haitong Securities Research Institute
A cikin tsarin haɗin gwiwar DC, na'urorin batir masu ƙarfin lantarki sun fi dacewa, amma sun fi tsada idan akwai ƙarancin baturi mai ƙarfin lantarki. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin batir na 48V, manyan batura masu ƙarfin lantarki suna da kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na 200-500V DC, ƙananan asarar kebul da inganci mafi girma, saboda hasken rana yana aiki akan 300-600V, kama da ƙarfin baturi, kuma yana da ƙarancin asara da inganci sosai. Ana iya amfani da masu canza DC-DC. Babban tsarin baturi mai ƙarfin lantarki yana da mafi girman farashin baturi da ƙananan farashin inverter fiye da ƙananan tsarin wutar lantarki. A halin yanzu, manyan batura masu ƙarfin lantarki suna cikin buƙatu masu yawa kuma ƙarancin wadatar su, don haka manyan batura masu ƙarfi suna da wahalar siye. Idan akwai ƙarancin ƙarfin baturi, yana da arha a yi amfani da tsarin batir mai ƙarancin wuta.
DC hadawa tsakanin hasken rana array da inverter
Tushen: nazarin makamashi mai tsafta, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Haɗin kai tsaye DC zuwa gaɓar inverter masu dacewa
rce: tsabtace makamashi mai tsabta, Haitong Securities Research Institute
Matakan juye-juye daga manyan masana'antun cikin gida sun dace da tsarin kashe-gidid saboda fitarwar wutar lantarkin su yayin katsewar wutar lantarki ba ta da iyaka. Ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na wasu samfuran ya ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan fiye da kewayon wutar lantarki na yau da kullun, ammaikon samar da wutar lantarki na sabbin samfuran Goodwe, Jinlang, Sungrow, da Hemai daidai yake da ƙimar al'ada., wato, wutar ba ta da iyakancewa lokacin da ake gudu daga grid, don haka inverter na inverter na cikin gida na ajiyar makamashi sun dace da tsarin kashe-grid.
Kwatanta ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na samfuran inverter daga masana'antun inverter na gida
Tushen bayanai: Gidan yanar gizon hukuma na kowane kamfani, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
AC guda biyu inverter
Tsarukan da aka haɗa DC ba su dace da sake fasalin tsarin da ke da haɗin grid ba. Hanyar haɗakarwa ta DC galibi tana da matsaloli masu zuwa: Na farko, tsarin da ke amfani da haɗin gwiwar DC yana da matsaloli tare da hadaddun wayoyi da ƙira mai ƙima yayin da ake gyara tsarin haɗin grid da ke akwai; na biyu, jinkirin sauyawa tsakanin grid-connected da off-grid yana da tsawo, wanda ke da wahala ga masu amfani su yi amfani da su. Kwarewar wutar lantarki ba ta da kyau; na uku, ayyukan sarrafawa na hankali ba su da cikakkiyar isa kuma amsawar kulawa ba ta dace ba, yana da wuya a aiwatar da aikace-aikacen microgrid don samar da wutar lantarki na gida gaba ɗaya. Don haka, wasu kamfanoni sun zaɓi hanyar fasahar haɗin gwiwa ta AC, kamar Yuneng.
Tsarin haɗin AC yana sauƙaƙe shigarwar samfur. Yuneng ya fahimci hanyoyin makamashi guda biyu ta hanyar haɗawa da gefen AC da tsarin hoto, yana kawar da buƙatar samun dama ga bas din DC na hoto, yin samfurin shigarwa cikin sauƙi; yana gane haɗin kai-tsaye ta hanyar haɗakar sarrafa software na lokaci-lokaci da haɓaka ƙirar kayan masarufi na sauya matakin Millisecond; ta hanyar sarrafa kayan sarrafawa na inverter na ajiyar makamashi da kuma ingantaccen tsarin haɗin kai na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da rarrabawa, aikace-aikacen microgrid na samar da wutar lantarki na dukan gida a ƙarƙashin ikon akwatin sarrafawa ta atomatik.
Matsakaicin ingancin jujjuyawar samfuran AC-haɗe-haɗe ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na matasan inverters. Jinlong da GoodMun kuma tura samfuran da aka haɗa AC, galibi suna yin niyya ga kasuwar canjin hannun jari. Matsakaicin ƙarfin jujjuyawar samfuran AC-haɗe shine 94-97%, wanda ya ɗan yi ƙasa da na matasan inverters. Hakan ya faru ne saboda sai an canza abubuwa guda biyu kafin a adana su a cikin batir bayan samar da wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ke rage tasirin canjin.
Kwatanta samfuran AC-haɗe-haɗe daga masana'antun inverter na gida
Tushen: Shafukan yanar gizon hukuma na kamfanoni daban-daban, Cibiyar Bincike ta Haitong Securities
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-20-2024
