Rikicin makamashi na Turai ya haifar da karuwar buƙatun ajiyar makamashi na gida

A yayin da kasuwar makamashi ta Turai ke ci gaba da yin garambawul, hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki da iskar gas ya sake tada hankalin jama'a kan 'yancin kai na makamashi da kuma kula da tsadar kayayyaki.

1. Halin da ake ciki na karancin makamashi a Turai

① Tashin farashin wutar lantarki ya tsananta matsin farashin makamashi

A watan Nuwamba na shekarar 2023, farashin wutar lantarki na Jumla a cikin kasashen Turai 28 ya tashi zuwa Yuro 118.5/MWh, karuwar wata-wata da kashi 44%. Haɓaka farashin makamashi yana ƙara matsa lamba ga masu amfani da gida da na kamfanoni.

Musamman a lokacin kololuwar lokacin amfani da wutar lantarki, rashin kwanciyar hankali na samar da wutar lantarki ya haɓaka hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki, yana haifar da buƙatar aikace-aikacen tsarin ajiyar makamashi.

② Rashin iskar gas mai tsauri da hauhawar farashi

Ya zuwa ranar 20 ga Disamba, 2023, farashin iskar gas na TTF na Dutch ya tashi zuwa Yuro 43.5/MWh, sama da kashi 26% daga matsakaicin matsayi a ranar 20 ga Satumba. Wannan yana nuna ci gaba da dogaro da Turai kan samar da iskar gas da karuwar buƙatu yayin lokacin hunturu.

③ Ƙara haɗarin dogaro da shigo da makamashi

Turai ta yi asarar iskar gas mai arha mai yawa bayan rikicin Rasha da Ukraine. Duk da cewa ta kara yunƙurin shigo da LNG daga Amurka da Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma farashin ya tashi sosai, kuma ba a sami la'akari da matsalar makamashi gaba ɗaya ba.

2. Ƙarfin da ke haifar da haɓakar buƙatun ajiyar makamashi na gida

① Bukatar gaggawa don rage farashin wutar lantarki

Sauyawar farashin wutar lantarki akai-akai yana sa masu amfani da wutar lantarki su iya adana wutar lantarki lokacin da farashin wutar ya yi ƙasa da kuma amfani da wutar lantarki lokacin da farashin wutar ya yi tsada ta hanyar tsarin ajiyar makamashi. Bayanai sun nuna cewa za a iya rage farashin wutar lantarki na gidaje da ke da tsarin ajiyar makamashi da kashi 30% -50%.

② Samun wadatar kuzari

Rashin kwanciyar hankali na iskar gas da wutar lantarki ya sa masu amfani da gida su fi son shigar da tsarin ajiyar makamashi na photovoltaic + don inganta 'yancin kai na makamashi da rage dogaro ga samar da makamashi na waje.

③ Ƙarfafa manufofi sun inganta haɓakar ajiyar makamashi sosai

Jamus, Faransa, Italiya da sauran ƙasashe sun gabatar da jerin tsare-tsare don ƙarfafa yada tsarin adana makamashin gida. Misali, "Dokar Harajin Shekara-shekara" ta Jamus ta keɓance ƙananan tsarin ajiyar hoto da makamashi daga ƙarin haraji, yayin ba da tallafin shigarwa.

④ Ci gaban fasaha yana rage farashin tsarin ajiyar makamashi

Tare da ci gaba da ci gaban fasahar batirin lithium, farashin tsarin ajiyar makamashi ya ragu kowace shekara. Dangane da bayanai daga Hukumar Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA), tun daga shekarar 2023, farashin samar da batirin lithium ya ragu da kusan kashi 15%, wanda hakan ya inganta ingancin tattalin arzikin tsarin ajiyar makamashi.

3. Matsayin Kasuwa da Yanayin Gaba

① Matsayin Kasuwancin Ma'ajiyar Makamashi na Gidan Turai

A cikin 2023, buƙatun kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta gida a Turai za ta yi girma cikin sauri, tare da sabon ikon ajiyar makamashi na kusan 5.1GWh. Wannan adadi a zahiri yana narkar da kaya a ƙarshen 2022 (5.2GWh).

A matsayinta na babbar kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta gida a Turai, Jamus tana da kusan kashi 60% na kasuwar gabaɗaya, galibi saboda tallafin manufofinta da farashin wutar lantarki.

② Hasashen haɓaka kasuwa

Haɓakawa na ɗan gajeren lokaci: A cikin 2024, kodayake ana tsammanin haɓakar haɓakar kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta duniya zai ragu, tare da haɓaka kusan shekara-shekara na kusan 11%, kasuwar adana makamashin gidan Turai har yanzu za ta ci gaba da haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka. saboda dalilai kamar karancin makamashi da tallafin manufofi.

Matsakaici- da haɓaka na dogon lokaci: Ana sa ran nan da shekarar 2028, yawan shigar da ikon kasuwar ajiyar makamashi ta gidan Turai zai wuce 50GWh, tare da matsakaicin haɓakar fili na shekara-shekara na 20%-25%.

③ Fasaha da manufofin tuki

Fasahar grid mai wayo: grid mai kaifin AI da fasahar haɓaka wutar lantarki suna ƙara haɓaka ingantaccen tsarin ajiyar makamashi da taimaka wa masu amfani da sarrafa nauyin wutar lantarki.
Taimakawa manufofin ci gaba: Baya ga tallafi da tallafin haraji, ƙasashe kuma suna shirin ƙaddamar da doka don haɓaka yawan amfani da tsarin adana hotuna da makamashi. Misali, Faransa na shirin kara 10GWh na ayyukan ajiyar makamashi na gida nan da shekarar 2025.